class TestTraversalMethods(unittest.TestCase):
# Separate class with a setUp tree designed for easy testing of intended
# traversal order.
def setUp(self):
self.tree = LinkedBinaryTree()
self.root = self.tree._add_root(1)
self.element2 = self.tree._add_left(self.root, 2)
self.element3 = self.tree._add_right(self.root, 3)
self.element4 = self.tree._add_left(self.element2, 4)
self.element5 = self.tree._add_right(self.element2, 5)
self.element6 = self.tree._add_left(self.element3, 6)
self.element7 = self.tree._add_right(self.element3, 7)
def test_preorder(self):
visits_expected = [1, 2, 4, 5, 3, 6, 7]
visits_actual = [] * 7 # List to store the visits in the order they happened
for position in self.tree.preorder():
visits_actual.append(position.element())
self.assertEqual(visits_actual, visits_expected)
def test_postorder(self):
visits_expected = [4, 5, 2, 6, 7, 3, 1]
visits_actual = [] * 7 # List to store the visits in order
for position in self.tree.postorder():
visits_actual.append(position.element())
self.assertEqual(visits_actual, visits_expected)
def test_breadthfirst(self):
visits_expected = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]
visits_actual = [] * 7
for position in self.tree.breadthfirst():
visits_actual.append(position.element())
self.assertEqual(visits_actual, visits_expected)
def build_UNIST_tree():
"""
This function returns a (linked) binary tree that contains (a simplified and fictitious version of)
the organisational structure of schools and departments at UNIST.
In particular, this function should return the following tree:
UNIST
--Engineering
----Management Engineering
------Big datastore
------Business process management
----Materials Engineering
------Wood
------Plastic
--Business
----Business Administration
"""
tree = LinkedBinaryTree()
root = tree._add_root("UNIST")
p_eng = tree._add_left(root, "Engineering")
p_business = tree._add_right(root, "Business")
p_man_eng = tree._add_left(p_eng, "Management Engineering")
p_big_data = tree._add_left(p_man_eng, "Big datastore")
p_bpm = tree._add_right(p_man_eng, "Business process management")
p_mat_eng = tree._add_right(p_eng, "Materials Engineering")
p_ba = tree._add_left(p_business, "Business Administration")
return tree
def main():
gs = GS()
print("To terminate game, type -1 -1")
usrstep = gs.getUserStep()
while usrstep[0] != -1:
gs.make_step(gs.board(), usrstep[0], usrstep[1], Board.CROSS_CELL)
if gs.board().check_for_win_combos(Board.CROSS_CELL):
print(gs.board())
print("CONGRATULATIONS! YOU WON!")
break
elif gs.board().is_full():
print("TIGHT!")
# generate two possible steps
option1 = gs.generate_step(gs.board())
option2 = gs.generate_step(gs.board())
cross = gs.board().get_cross_cells()
zeros = gs.board().get_zero_cells()
# build two new boards
board1 = Board(3, 3)
board1.configure(cross.append(option1))
board1.configure(zeros)
board2 = Board(3, 3)
board2.configure(cross[:-1].append(option2))
board2.configure(zeros)
# build two new decision binary trees
tree1 = LinkedBinaryTree(board1)
tree2 = LinkedBinaryTree(board2)
# calculate the number of victories for each tree
gs.fill_board(tree1, tree1)
result1 = gs.get_numVictories()
gs.clear_victories()
gs.fill_board(tree2, tree2)
result2 = gs.get_numVictories()
# choose the step with the biggest number of victories
if result1 > result2:
gs.make_step(gs.board(), option1[0], option1[1], Board.ZERO_CELL)
else:
gs.make_step(gs.board(), option2[0], option2[1], Board.ZERO_CELL)
print(gs.board())
if gs.board().check_for_win_combos():
print("YOU LOST!")
break
elif gs.board().check_for_win_combos(Board.CROSS_CELL):
print("CONGRATULATIONS! YOU WON!")
break
print("To terminate game, type -1 -1")
usrstep = gs.getUserStep()
def setUp(self):
self.tree = LinkedBinaryTree()
self.root = self.tree._add_root(1)
self.element2 = self.tree._add_left(self.root, 2)
self.element3 = self.tree._add_right(self.root, 3)
self.element4 = self.tree._add_left(self.element2, 4)
self.element5 = self.tree._add_right(self.element2, 5)
self.element6 = self.tree._add_left(self.element3, 6)
self.element7 = self.tree._add_right(self.element3, 7)
def setUp(self):
self.tree = LinkedBinaryTree()
# Create a proper balanced tree with 3 levels (8 elements)
self.root = self.tree._add_root("Root")
self.left = self.tree._add_left(self.root, "L2 left child")
self.right = self.tree._add_right(self.root, "L2 right child")
self.lev3_first_left = self.tree._add_left(self.left, "L3 left-1")
self.tree._add_right(self.left, "L3 right-1")
self.tree._add_left(self.right, "L3 left-2")
self.tree._add_right(self.right, "L3 right-2")
def make_tree(previous):
"""Сonstructing a game tree, by extending
(by adding two child vertices) from the root of a tree """
# previous it is Board()
if previous.if_won() == -1 or previous.if_won() == 1:
return None
new_move_left = random.choice(previous.empty_list())
tree = LinkedBinaryTree(previous)
if len(previous.empty_list()) == 0:
return None
new_previous = copy.deepcopy(previous)
new_previous.set_null(new_move_left)
tree.left_child = LinkedBinaryTree(new_previous)
make_tree(new_previous)
if len(new_previous.empty_list()) == 0:
return None
new_move_right = random.choice(new_previous.empty_list())
n_new_previous = copy.deepcopy(new_previous)
n_new_previous.set_null(new_move_right)
tree.right_child = LinkedBinaryTree(n_new_previous)
make_tree(n_new_previous)
def build_tree(self):
"""
Builds the game tree
:return: object
"""
game_tree = LinkedBinaryTree()
board = self.board
game_tree._add_root(Board(board))
def add_board(tree, node):
"""
adds new board to a tree
:param tree: object
:param node: object
:return: None
"""
positions = self.available_positions(node._element)
if not positions:
return None
if tree.height() == tree.depth(tree._make_position(node)) \
and tree.height() % 2 == 0:
symbol = 'o'
else:
symbol = 'x'
pos = random.choice(positions)
new_board = Board(node._element.board)
new_board.board[pos[0], pos[1]] = symbol
tree._add_left(tree._make_position(node), Board(new_board.board))
positions = self.available_positions(new_board)
if not positions:
return None
pos = random.choice(positions)
new_board = Board(node._element.board)
new_board.board[pos[0], pos[1]] = symbol
tree._add_right(tree._make_position(node), Board(new_board.board))
add_board(tree, node._left)
add_board(tree, node._right)
add_board(game_tree, game_tree._root)
return game_tree
def test_validate(self):
# Passing an object of type other than Position should raise TypeError
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
self.tree._validate("spam")
# Wrong container should raise value error
position_from_other_container = LinkedBinaryTree()._add_root(
"spam root")
with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
self.tree._validate(position_from_other_container)
# If node was deprecated, meaning it was set to be its own parent per
# the internal convention for deprecated nodes, then should raise
# value error.
p = self.lev3_first_left
p._node._parent = p._node
with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
self.tree._validate(p)
def play_game():
load = is_yes(input("Load game? "))
if not load:
guess = Guesser("Does it have legs?", "cat", "snake")
print()
else:
guess = LinkedBinaryTree.load_tree("tree.dat")
print("Loaded\n")
again = True
while again:
print("Think of an animal, and I will guess it.")
again = ask(guess)
if again:
print()
if is_yes(input("Save game? ")):
guess.save_tree("tree.dat")
print("Saved")
def build_tree(b):
if b.someone_wins == "TIE" or b.someone_wins == "O" or b.someone_wins == "X":
return
tree = LinkedBinaryTree(b)
free_cells = b.empty_coords
random_cell1 = choice(list(free_cells))
choice1 = deepcopy(b)
choice1.turn("O", random_cell1)
tree.left_child = LinkedBinaryTree(choice1)
build_tree(choice1)
free_cells.discard(random_cell1)
if free_cells != set(): # we have to check if set isn't empty
random_cell2 = choice(list(free_cells))
choice2 = deepcopy(b)
choice2.turn("O", random_cell2)
tree.right_child = LinkedBinaryTree(choice2)
build_tree(choice2)
def construct_tree():
t = LinkedBinaryTree()
root = t._add_root('Trees')
l = t._add_left(root, 'General trees')
r = t._add_right(root, 'Binary trees')
t1 = LinkedBinaryTree()
root = t1._add_root('section1')
left = t1._add_left(root, 'paragraph1')
right = t1._add_right(root, 'paragraph2')
t2 = LinkedBinaryTree()
root = t2._add_root('section2')
left = t2._add_left(root, 'paragraph1')
right = t2._add_right(root, 'paragraph2')
t._attach(l, t1, t2)
return t
def _compose_ht_tree(self, text):
"""Huffman tree construction for text."""
freq_table = self._compute_chr_freq(text)
ht_queue = HeapPriorityQueue()
for freq, lett in freq_table:
ht_tree = LinkedBinaryTree()
ht_tree._add_root((freq, lett))
ht_queue.add(freq, ht_tree)
while len(ht_queue) > 1:
(freq1, subtree1) = ht_queue.remove_min()
(freq2, subtree2) = ht_queue.remove_min()
freq = freq1 + freq2
ht_tree = LinkedBinaryTree()
ht_tree._add_root((freq, None))
ht_tree._attach(ht_tree.root(), subtree1, subtree2)
ht_queue.add(freq, ht_tree)
_, ht_tree = ht_queue.remove_min()
return ht_tree
def build_UNIST_tree():
"""
This function should return a binary tree that contains (a simplified and fictitious version of) the organisational
structure of schools and departments at UNIST. In particular, this function should return the following tree:
`+-*
UNIST
--Engineering
----Management Engineering
------Big data
------Business process management
----Materials Engineering
------Wood
------Plastic
--Business
----Business Administration
:return: the UNIST tree
"""
UNIST = LinkedBinaryTree()
root = UNIST._add_root("UNIST")
EE = UNIST._add_left(root, "Engineering")
BU = UNIST._add_right(root, "Bussiness")
MNE = UNIST._add_left(EE, "Management Engineering")
UNIST._add_left(MNE, "Big data")
UNIST._add_right(MNE, "Business process management")
MTE = UNIST._add_right(EE, "Material Engineering")
UNIST._add_left(MTE, "Wood")
UNIST._add_right(MTE, "Plastic")
UNIST._add_left(BU, "Business Administration")
return UNIST
def create_tree():
t = LinkedBinaryTree()
f = t._add_root('f')
# left tree
b = t._add_left(f, 'b')
t._add_left(b, 'a')
d = t._add_right(b, 'd')
t._add_left(d, 'c')
t._add_right(d, 'e')
# right tree
g = t._add_right(f, 'g')
i = t._add_right(g, 'i')
t._add_left(i, 'h')
return t
from linked_binary_tree import LinkedBinaryTree
test_tr = LinkedBinaryTree(' a')
#test_tr.is_empty()
print(test_tr)
print("root_val ", test_tr.get_root_val())
print("left_child ", test_tr.get_left_child())
test_tr.insert_left(' b')
print("left_child ", test_tr.get_left_child())
print("left_child().get_root_val ", test_tr.get_left_child().get_root_val())
test_tr.insert_left(' bb')
print("left_child ", test_tr.get_left_child())
print("left_child().get_root_val ", test_tr.get_left_child().get_root_val())
test_tr.insert_right(' c')
print("right_child ", test_tr.get_right_child())
print("right_child().get_root_val ", test_tr.get_right_child().get_root_val())
test_tr.get_right_child().set_root_val(' hello')
print("right_child().get_root_val", test_tr.get_right_child().get_root_val())
test_tr.inorder()
a_node = LinkedBinaryTree('A')
a_node.insert_left('B')
a_node.insert_right('C')
b_node = a_node.left_child
b_node.insert_right('D')
c_node = a_node.right_child
"""Preorder traversal"""
# 应该使用普通的树而不是二叉树
from linked_binary_tree import LinkedBinaryTree
# Electronics R’Us
# 1 R&D
# 2 Sales
# 2.1 Domestic
# 2.2 International
# 2.2.1 Canada
# 2.2.2 America
toc = LinkedBinaryTree()
toc._add_root('Electronics R’Us')
toc._add_left(toc.root(), 'R&D')
toc._add_right(toc.root(), 'Sales')
toc._add_left(toc.right(toc.root()), 'Domestic')
toc._add_right(toc.right(toc.root()), 'International')
toc._add_left(toc.right(toc.right(toc.root())), 'Canada')
toc._add_right(toc.right(toc.right(toc.root())), 'America')
def parenthesize(t, p, rep):
if t.is_empty():
return
rep += str(p.element())
if not t.is_leaf(p):
first_time = True
for c in t.children(p):
"""Preorder traversal"""
# 应该使用普通的树而不是二叉树
from linked_binary_tree import LinkedBinaryTree
# Electronics R’Us
# 1 R&D
# 2 Sales
# 2.1 Domestic
# 2.2 International
# 2.2.1 Canada
# 2.2.2 America
toc = LinkedBinaryTree()
toc._add_root('Electronics R’Us')
toc._add_left(toc.root(), 'R&D')
toc._add_right(toc.root(), 'Sales')
toc._add_left(toc.right(toc.root()), 'Domestic')
toc._add_right(toc.right(toc.root()), 'International')
toc._add_left(toc.right(toc.right(toc.root())), 'Canada')
toc._add_right(toc.right(toc.right(toc.root())), 'America')
# Solution 1: O(n^2)
# for p in toc.preorder():
# print(toc.depth(p)*2*' '+p.element())
# Solution 2: O(n)
def preorder_indent(t, p, d):
print(2 * d * ' ' + p.element())
for c in t.children(p):
preorder_indent(t, c, d + 1)
def test_root(self):
blank_tree = LinkedBinaryTree()
root = blank_tree.root()
self.assertEqual(root, None) # Should return None for an empty tree.
root = self.tree.root()
self.assertEqual(root.element(), "Root")
from linked_binary_tree import LinkedBinaryTree
a = LinkedBinaryTree()
print('!!!')
a._add_root('!!')
a._add_left(a.root(), '????')
print('!')
print(a.left(a.root()).element())
a._delete(a.left(a.root()))
def construct_num_tree():
t = LinkedBinaryTree()
root = t._add_root(0)
l = t._add_left(root, 1)
r = t._add_right(root, 2)
t1 = LinkedBinaryTree()
root = t1._add_root(3)
left = t1._add_left(root, 5)
right = t1._add_right(root, 6)
t2 = LinkedBinaryTree()
root = t2._add_root(4)
left = t2._add_left(root, 7)
right = t2._add_right(root, 8)
t._attach(l, t1, t2)
return t
def __init__(self):
self.cells = [[0] * 3 for _ in range(3)]
self.last_move = Board.NOUGHT
self.number_of_moves = 0
self.status = None
self.tree = LinkedBinaryTree(self)
class TestSimpleCases(unittest.TestCase):
"""
Test obvious cases to confirm basic functionality and syntax
correctness.
"""
def setUp(self):
self.tree = LinkedBinaryTree()
# Create a proper balanced tree with 3 levels (8 elements)
self.root = self.tree._add_root("Root")
self.left = self.tree._add_left(self.root, "L2 left child")
self.right = self.tree._add_right(self.root, "L2 right child")
self.lev3_first_left = self.tree._add_left(self.left, "L3 left-1")
self.tree._add_right(self.left, "L3 right-1")
self.tree._add_left(self.right, "L3 left-2")
self.tree._add_right(self.right, "L3 right-2")
def test_validate(self):
# Passing an object of type other than Position should raise TypeError
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
self.tree._validate("spam")
# Wrong container should raise value error
position_from_other_container = LinkedBinaryTree()._add_root(
"spam root")
with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
self.tree._validate(position_from_other_container)
# If node was deprecated, meaning it was set to be its own parent per
# the internal convention for deprecated nodes, then should raise
# value error.
p = self.lev3_first_left
p._node._parent = p._node
with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
self.tree._validate(p)
# ---------------------------------- public methods --------------------
def test_root(self):
blank_tree = LinkedBinaryTree()
root = blank_tree.root()
self.assertEqual(root, None) # Should return None for an empty tree.
root = self.tree.root()
self.assertEqual(root.element(), "Root")
def test_parent(self):
# should return None when called on p = root
parent_of_root = self.tree.parent(self.tree.root())
self.assertEqual(parent_of_root, None)
parent_of_left = self.tree.parent(self.left) # Position object from
# setUp, name self.left references
# root's left child.
self.assertEqual(parent_of_left, self.root)
# Try the next level down
parent_of_node = self.tree.parent(self.lev3_first_left)
self.assertEqual(parent_of_node, self.left)
def test_left(self):
left = self.tree.left(self.root) # parent's left should be the object
# stored as self.left
self.assertEqual(left, self.left)
def test_right(self):
right = self.tree.right(self.root) # root's right should be the object
# stored as self.right
self.assertEqual(right, self.right)
def test_num_children(self):
self.assertEqual(self.tree.num_children(self.root),
2) # Root has 2 children
self.assertEqual(self.tree.num_children(self.right), 2) # Right has 2
self.assertEqual(self.tree.num_children(self.lev3_first_left),
0) # This node should be in the
# bottom level of the setUp
# tree and therefore have
# no children.
# ------------------- tests for concrete methods inherited from Tree ------
def test_is_root(self):
"""Concrete method implemented in the Tree abstract base class and
inherited through to LBT class."""
# Should be true for root
self.assertTrue(self.tree.is_root(self.root))
# Should be false for a node from the middle or bottom layer
self.assertFalse(self.tree.is_root(self.right))
self.assertFalse(self.tree.is_root(self.lev3_first_left))
def test_is_leaf(self):
# testing _attach will "coverage" this
pass
def test_is_empty(self):
# testing _attach will "coverage this
pass
def test_height(self):
"""
Test the height method defined in the Tree abstract base class
that LBT class has through inheritance.
"""
# Calling it on root should return 2, the height of the full three-level
# tree.
self.assertEqual(self.tree.height(self.root), 2)
# Height of a node in the middle layer should be 1
self.assertEqual(self.tree.height(self.right), 1)
# Height of a node in the bottom layer should be 0
self.assertEqual(self.tree.height(self.lev3_first_left), 0)
def test_depth(self):
"""
Test the depth method defined in the Tree abstract base class and
inherited in the LBT class.
"""
# Depth of a node in the bottom later should be 2 (2 levels separating
# that Position from root Position).
self.assertEqual(self.tree.depth(self.lev3_first_left), 2)
# Depth of node in middle layer should be 1
self.assertEqual(self.tree.depth(self.left), 1)
# Depth of root should be zero
self.assertEqual(self.tree.depth(self.root), 0)
def test_attach(self):
"""Tests for the nonpublic _attach method, mainly to hit inherited public
methods that it will call."""
new_tree = LinkedBinaryTree()
ntroot = new_tree._add_root("New tree root")
new_tree._add_left(ntroot, "NT left")
new_tree._add_right(ntroot, "NT right")
new_tree2 = LinkedBinaryTree()
nt2root = new_tree2._add_root("2nd new tree root")
new_tree2._add_left(nt2root, "left")
new_tree2._add_right(nt2root, "right")
self.tree._attach(self.lev3_first_left, new_tree, new_tree2)
# For now just pass if none of these calls raised an error, no
# unittest.assertSomething method call
def test_positions(self): # This covers postorder() method for purposes
# of the "coverage" metric.
for position in self.tree.positions(
): # Test that they can be iterated
self.assertIsInstance(position,
LinkedBinaryTree.Position) # and that
# they're all Positions
## def test_preorder(self): # placeholder
## pass
def test_postorder(self):
for position in self.tree.postorder():
self.assertIsInstance(position, LinkedBinaryTree.Position)
if T.left(p) is not None:
inorder(T.left(p))
print T._validate(p)._element
if T.right(p) is not None:
inorder(T.right(p))
if __name__ == '__main__':
import random
def build_tree(T, p, level):
if level > 5:
return None
else:
if T.left(p) is None:
T._add_left(p, random.randint(1, 10))
build_tree(T, T.left(p), level+1)
if T.right(p) is None:
T._add_right(p, random.randint(1, 10))
build_tree(T, T.right(p), level+1)
test_tree = LinkedBinaryTree()
test_tree._add_root('10')
build_tree(test_tree, test_tree.root(), 1)
count = 1
for x in test_tree.positions():
print str(count) +': ' + str(test_tree._validate(x)._element)
count += 1
def test_attach(self):
"""Tests for the nonpublic _attach method, mainly to hit inherited public
methods that it will call."""
new_tree = LinkedBinaryTree()
ntroot = new_tree._add_root("New tree root")
new_tree._add_left(ntroot, "NT left")
new_tree._add_right(ntroot, "NT right")
new_tree2 = LinkedBinaryTree()
nt2root = new_tree2._add_root("2nd new tree root")
new_tree2._add_left(nt2root, "left")
new_tree2._add_right(nt2root, "right")
self.tree._attach(self.lev3_first_left, new_tree, new_tree2)
from linked_binary_tree import LinkedBinaryTree
test_tr = LinkedBinaryTree(' a')
print(test_tr)
print("root_val ", test_tr.get_root_val())
print("left_child ", test_tr.get_left_child())
test_tr.insert_left(' b')
print("left_child ", test_tr.get_left_child())
print("left_child().get_root_val ", test_tr.get_left_child().get_root_val())
test_tr.insert_right(' c')
print("right_child ", test_tr.get_right_child())
print("right_child().get_root_val ", test_tr.get_right_child().get_root_val())
r.get_right_child().set_root_val(' hello')
print("right_child().get_root_val", test_tr.get_right_child().get_root_val())
print(test_tr)
from linked_binary_tree import LinkedBinaryTree
# Construct Tree:
T = LinkedBinaryTree()
T.add_root(1)
p1 = T.add_left(T.root(), 2)
p2 = T.add_right(T.root(), 3)
T.add_left(p1, 4)
T.add_right(p1, 5)
p3 = T.add_left(p2, 6)
p4 = T.add_right(p2, 7)
T.add_left(p3, 8)
T.add_right(p3, 9)
T.add_right(p4, 10)
# Check Traversals:
print("\nPreorder: ")
for p in T.preorder():
print(p.element())
print("\nPostorder: ")
for p in T.postorder():
print(p.element())
print("\nInorder: ")
