def selectTarget(self, init_ogm, coverage, robot_pose, origin,
resolution, force_random=False):
target = [-1, -1]
######################### NOTE: QUESTION ##############################
# Implement a smart way to select the next target. You have the
# following tools: ogm_limits, Brushfire field, OGM skeleton,
# topological nodes.
# Find only the useful boundaries of OGM. Only there calculations
# have meaning
ogm_limits = OgmOperations.findUsefulBoundaries(init_ogm, origin, resolution)
# Blur the OGM to erase discontinuities due to laser rays
ogm = OgmOperations.blurUnoccupiedOgm(init_ogm, ogm_limits)
# Calculate Brushfire field
tinit = time.time()
brush = self.brush.obstaclesBrushfireCffi(ogm, ogm_limits)
Print.art_print("Brush time: " + str(time.time() - tinit), Print.ORANGE)
# Calculate skeletonization
tinit = time.time()
skeleton = self.topo.skeletonizationCffi(ogm,
origin, resolution, ogm_limits)
Print.art_print("Skeletonization time: " + str(time.time() - tinit), Print.ORANGE)
# Find topological graph
tinit = time.time()
nodes = self.topo.topologicalNodes(ogm, skeleton, coverage, origin,
resolution, brush, ogm_limits)
Print.art_print("Topo nodes time: " + str(time.time() - tinit), Print.ORANGE)
# Visualization of topological nodes
vis_nodes = []
for n in nodes:
vis_nodes.append([
n[0] * resolution + origin['x'],
n[1] * resolution + origin['y']
])
RvizHandler.printMarker(
vis_nodes,
1, # Type: Arrow
0, # Action: Add
"map", # Frame
"art_topological_nodes", # Namespace
[0.3, 0.4, 0.7, 0.5], # Color RGBA
0.1 # Scale
)
# Random point
if self.method == 'random' or force_random == True:
target = self.selectRandomTarget(ogm, coverage, brush, ogm_limits)
########################################################################
return target
def ogm_limit_calculation(ogm,
resolution,
origin,
find_step=20,
search_step=20,
max_points=10,
map_size=[]):
(ogm_lp, previous_ogm_limits) = OgmOperations.findLimitPoints(
ogm, origin, resolution, find_step, search_step, max_points,
map_size)
if ogm_lp is None:
return None
else:
ogm_lm = np.array(ogm_lp, dtype=np.float64)
for n in ogm_lm:
n[0] = n[0] * resolution + origin['x']
n[1] = n[1] * resolution + origin['y']
return np.array(np.concatenate((ogm_lm[:, :2], ogm_lp), axis=1),
dtype=np.float64), previous_ogm_limits
def selectTarget(self, init_ogm, ros_ogm, coverage, robot_pose, origin, \
resolution, force_random = False):
target = [-1, -1]
######################### NOTE: QUESTION ##############################
# Implement a smart way to select the next target. You have the
# following tools: ogm_limits, Brushfire field, OGM skeleton,
# topological nodes.
# Find only the useful boundaries of OGM. Only there calculations
# have meaning
ogm_limits = OgmOperations.findUsefulBoundaries(
init_ogm, origin, resolution)
# Blur the OGM to erase discontinuities due to laser rays
ogm = OgmOperations.blurUnoccupiedOgm(init_ogm, ogm_limits)
# Calculate Brushfire field
tinit = time.time()
brush = self.brush.obstaclesBrushfireCffi(ogm, ogm_limits)
Print.art_print("Brush time: " + str(time.time() - tinit),
Print.ORANGE)
# Calculate skeletonization
tinit = time.time()
skeleton = self.topo.skeletonizationCffi(ogm, \
origin, resolution, ogm_limits)
Print.art_print("Skeletonization time: " + str(time.time() - tinit),
Print.ORANGE)
# Find topological graph
tinit = time.time()
nodes = self.topo.topologicalNodes(ogm, skeleton, coverage, origin, \
resolution, brush, ogm_limits)
Print.art_print("Topo nodes time: " + str(time.time() - tinit),
Print.ORANGE)
# Visualization of topological nodes
vis_nodes = []
for n in nodes:
vis_nodes.append([
n[0] * resolution + origin['x'],
n[1] * resolution + origin['y']
])
RvizHandler.printMarker(\
vis_nodes,\
1, # Type: Arrow
0, # Action: Add
"map", # Frame
"art_topological_nodes", # Namespace
[0.3, 0.4, 0.7, 0.5], # Color RGBA
0.1 # Scale
)
# Random point
if self.method == 'random' or force_random == True:
target = self.selectRandomTarget(ogm, coverage, brush, ogm_limits)
# Custom point
elif self.method == 'cost_based':
self.path_planning.setMap(ros_ogm)
g_robot_pose = [robot_pose['x_px'] - int(origin['x'] / resolution),\
robot_pose['y_px'] - int(origin['y'] / resolution)]
# Remove all covered nodes from the candidate list
nodes = np.array(nodes)
uncovered_idxs = np.array(
[coverage[n[0], n[1]] == 0 for n in nodes])
goals = nodes[uncovered_idxs]
# Initialize costs
w_dist = np.full(len(goals), np.inf)
w_turn = np.full(len(goals), np.inf)
w_topo = np.full(len(goals), np.inf)
w_cove = np.full(len(goals), np.inf)
for idx, node in zip(range(len(goals)), goals):
subgoals = np.array(
self.path_planning.createPath(g_robot_pose, node,
resolution))
# If path is empty then skip to the next iteration
if subgoals.size == 0:
continue
# subgoals should contain the robot pose, so we don't need to diff it explicitly
subgoal_vectors = np.diff(subgoals, axis=0)
# Distance cost
dists = [math.hypot(v[0], v[1]) for v in subgoal_vectors]
w_dist[idx] = np.sum(dists)
# Turning cost
w_turn[idx] = 0
theta = robot_pose['th']
for v in subgoal_vectors[:-1]:
st_x, st_y = v
theta2 = math.atan2(st_y - g_robot_pose[1],
st_x - g_robot_pose[0])
w_turn[idx] += abs(theta2 - theta)
theta = theta2
# Coverage cost
w_cove[idx] = sum(coverage[x][y] for x, y in subgoal_vectors)
# Topology cost
w_topo[idx] = brush[node[0], node[1]]
# Normalize weights
w_dist = (w_dist - min(w_dist)) / (max(w_dist) - min(w_dist))
w_turn = (w_turn - min(w_turn)) / (max(w_turn) - min(w_turn))
w_cove = (w_cove - min(w_cove)) / (max(w_cove) - min(w_cove))
w_topo = (w_topo - min(w_topo)) / (max(w_topo) - min(w_topo))
# Cost weights
c_topo = 4
c_dist = 3
c_cove = 2
c_turn = 1
# Calculate combination cost (final)
cost = c_dist * w_dist + c_turn * w_turn + c_cove * w_cove + c_topo * w_topo
min_dist, min_idx = min(zip(cost, range(len(cost))))
target = nodes[min_idx]
# Check if next target exists and if it exists, check if is close to previous
if target is None:
target = self.selectRandomTarget(ogm, coverage, brush,
ogm_limits)
else:
target_dist = math.hypot(target[0] - self.previous_target[0],
target[1] - self.previous_target[1])
if target_dist <= 5:
target = self.selectRandomTarget(ogm, coverage, brush,
ogm_limits)
########################################################################
self.previous_target = target
return target
def selectTarget(self, init_ogm, coverage, robot_pose, origin, \
resolution, force_random = False):
target = [-1, -1]
######################### NOTE: QUESTION ##############################
# Implement a smart way to select the next target. You have the
# following tools: ogm_limits, Brushfire field, OGM skeleton,
# topological nodes.
# Find only the useful boundaries of OGM. Only there calculations
# have meaning
ogm_limits = OgmOperations.findUsefulBoundaries(
init_ogm, origin, resolution)
#print(ogm_limits)
# Blur the OGM to erase discontinuities due to laser rays
ogm = OgmOperations.blurUnoccupiedOgm(init_ogm, ogm_limits)
# Calculate Brushfire field
tinit = time.time()
brush = self.brush.obstaclesBrushfireCffi(ogm, ogm_limits)
Print.art_print("Brush time: " + str(time.time() - tinit),
Print.ORANGE)
# Calculate skeletonization
tinit = time.time()
skeleton = self.topo.skeletonizationCffi(ogm, \
origin, resolution, ogm_limits)
Print.art_print("Skeletonization time: " + str(time.time() - tinit),
Print.ORANGE)
# Find topological graph
tinit = time.time()
nodes = self.topo.topologicalNodes(ogm, skeleton, coverage, origin, \
resolution, brush, ogm_limits)
Print.art_print("Topo nodes time: " + str(time.time() - tinit),
Print.ORANGE)
# Visualization of topological nodes
vis_nodes = []
for n in nodes:
vis_nodes.append([
n[0] * resolution + origin['x'],
n[1] * resolution + origin['y']
])
RvizHandler.printMarker(\
vis_nodes,\
1, # Type: Arrow
0, # Action: Add
"map", # Frame
"art_topological_nodes", # Namespace
[0.3, 0.4, 0.7, 0.5], # Color RGBA
0.1 # Scale
)
# Random point
#if statement that makes the target selection random in case the remaining nodes are two
if len(nodes) <= 2:
target = self.selectRandomTarget(ogm, coverage, brush, ogm_limits)
return target
pose_global_x = int(robot_pose['x_px'] - origin['x'] / resolution)
pose_global_y = int(robot_pose['y_px'] - origin['y'] / resolution)
#the folowing variables receive the values read by the sonar sensor
sonar_left = self.sonar.sonar_left_range
sonar_right = self.sonar.sonar_right_range
sonar_front = self.sonar.sonar_front_range
#a total sum is calculated for the front,right and left sonar sensors
sonar_sum = sonar_left + sonar_right + sonar_front
numrows = ogm.shape[1]
numcols = ogm.shape[0]
#if statement used in case the robot is in a tight spot and determines the target in the direction there is maximum space
if sonar_sum < 1.2:
target = self.sonar_avoidance(pose_global_x, pose_global_y, ogm,
numcols, numrows)
return target
#in case of a time out or a failure in path planning
if self.method == 'random' or force_random == True:
target = [
self.node2_index_x, self.node2_index_y
] #sets the current target as the previously calculated second best-scored target
if self.timeout_happened == 1:
target = self.sonar_avoidance(pose_global_x, pose_global_y,
ogm, numcols, numrows)
self.timeout_happened = 0
return target
self.timeout_happened = 1
return target
########################################################################
sum_min = 10000000
dist_min = 10000000
node_index_x = 0 #x value of the node with the lowest total cost
node_index_y = 0 #y value of the node with the lowest total cost
topo_cost = [] #list of topological costs for each node
dist_cost = [] #list of distance costs for each node
cov_cost = [] #list of coverage costs for each node
#using the brushfire array in order to calculate topology cost for each node
for n in nodes:
sum_temp = 0
index = n[1] + 1
while brush[n[0], index] != 0:
sum_temp += 1
index += 1
if index == numrows - 1: #numrows
break
index = n[1] - 1
while brush[n[0], index] != 0:
sum_temp += 1
index -= 1
if index == 0:
break
index = n[0] + 1
while brush[index, n[1]] != 0:
sum_temp += 1
index += 1
if index == numcols - 1: #numcols
break
index = n[0] - 1
while brush[index, n[1]] != 0:
sum_temp += 1
index -= 1
if index == 0:
break
topo_cost.append(sum_temp / 4)
#using the coverage array in order to calculate coverage cost for each node
numrows = len(coverage)
numcols = len(coverage[0])
for n in nodes:
total_sum = 0
sum_temp = 0
index = n[1] + 1
if index >= numrows or n[0] >= numcols:
total_sum = 5000
cov_cost.append(total_sum)
continue
while coverage[n[0], index] != 100:
sum_temp += 1
index += 1
if index >= numcols - 1: #numrows-1:
break
total_sum += sum_temp * coverage[n[0], index] / 100
index = n[1] - 1
sum_temp = 0
while coverage[n[0], index] != 100:
sum_temp += 1
index -= 1
if index == 0:
break
total_sum += sum_temp * coverage[n[0], index] / 100
index = n[0] + 1
sum_temp = 0
if index >= numcols or n[1] >= numrows:
total_sum = 5000
cov_cost.append(total_sum)
continue
while coverage[index, n[1]] != 100:
sum_temp += 1
index += 1
if index >= numrows - 1: #numcols-1
break
total_sum += sum_temp * coverage[index, n[1]] / 100
index = n[0] - 1
sum_temp = 0
while coverage[index, n[1]] != 100:
sum_temp += 1
index -= 1
if index == 0:
break
total_sum += sum_temp * coverage[index, n[1]] / 100
if total_sum == 0:
total_sum = 5000
cov_cost.append(total_sum)
pose_global_x = int(robot_pose['x_px'] - origin['x'] / resolution)
pose_global_y = int(robot_pose['y_px'] - origin['y'] / resolution)
#eucledean distance between the robot pose and each node
dist = math.sqrt(
math.pow(pose_global_x - n[0], 2) +
math.pow(pose_global_y - n[1], 2))
dist_cost.append(dist)
maxi = 0
for i in range(0, len(cov_cost)):
if cov_cost[i] != 5000 and cov_cost[i] > maxi:
maxi = cov_cost[i]
for i in range(0, len(cov_cost)):
if cov_cost[i] == 5000:
cov_cost[i] = maxi * 1.2
#lists to store the normalized costs for each node
topo_cost_norm = []
dist_cost_norm = []
cov_cost_norm = []
final_cost = []
min_final_cost = 1000000
for i in range(0, len(dist_cost)):
topo_cost_norm.append((np.float(topo_cost[i] - min(topo_cost)) /
np.float(max(topo_cost) - min(topo_cost))))
dist_cost_norm.append((dist_cost[i] - min(dist_cost)) /
(max(dist_cost) - min(dist_cost)))
if np.float(max(cov_cost) - min(cov_cost)) != 0:
cov_cost_norm.append((np.float(cov_cost[i] - min(cov_cost)) /
np.float(max(cov_cost) - min(cov_cost))))
if max(cov_cost) != min(cov_cost):
final_cost.append(
4 * topo_cost_norm[i] + 2 * dist_cost_norm[i] +
4 * cov_cost_norm[i]
) #optimal factor values in order to determine the best node to approach
else:
final_cost.append(
6 * topo_cost_norm[i] + 4 * dist_cost_norm[i]
) # exception if statement for the case coverage array cannot be used yet
if (final_cost[i] < min_final_cost):
min_final_cost = final_cost[i]
self.node2_index_x = node_index_x #storing the second best node to approach in case of path planning failure or time out
self.node2_index_y = node_index_y #
node_index_x = nodes[i][0]
node_index_y = nodes[i][1]
target = [node_index_x, node_index_y]
#in case current target is the same with the previous , sonar avoidance function is used to modify the robot pose
if target == self.previous_target:
target = self.sonar_avoidance(pose_global_x, pose_global_y, ogm,
numcols, numrows)
self.previous_target = target
return target
def selectTarget(self, ogm, coverage, robot_pose, origin, resolution, force_random=False):
######################### NOTE: QUESTION ##############################
# Implement a smart way to select the next target. You have the following tools: ogm_limits, Brushfire field,
# OGM skeleton, topological nodes.
# Find only the useful boundaries of OGM. Only there calculations have meaning.
ogm_limits = OgmOperations.findUsefulBoundaries(ogm, origin, resolution)
# Blur the OGM to erase discontinuities due to laser rays
ogm = OgmOperations.blurUnoccupiedOgm(ogm, ogm_limits)
# Calculate Brushfire field
tinit = time.time()
brush = self.brush.obstaclesBrushfireCffi(ogm, ogm_limits)
Print.art_print("Brush time: " + str(time.time() - tinit), Print.ORANGE)
# Calculate skeletonization
tinit = time.time()
skeleton = topology.skeletonizationCffi(ogm, origin, resolution, ogm_limits)
Print.art_print("Skeletonization time: " + str(time.time() - tinit), Print.ORANGE)
# Find topological graph
tinit = time.time()
nodes = topology.topologicalNodes(ogm, skeleton, coverage, brush)
Print.art_print("Topo nodes time: " + str(time.time() - tinit), Print.ORANGE)
# Visualization of topological nodes
vis_nodes = [[n[0] * resolution + origin['x'], n[1] * resolution + origin['y']] for n in nodes]
RvizHandler.printMarker(
vis_nodes,
1, # Type: Arrow
0, # Action: Add
"map", # Frame
"art_topological_nodes", # Namespace
[0.3, 0.4, 0.7, 0.5], # Color RGBA
0.1 # Scale
)
try:
tinit = time.time()
except:
tinit = None
if self.method == 'random' or force_random:
target = self.selectRandomTarget(ogm, coverage, brush)
elif self.method_is_cost_based():
g_robot_pose = self.robot_perception.getGlobalCoordinates([robot_pose['x_px'], robot_pose['y_px']])
self.path_planning.setMap(self.robot_perception.getRosMap())
class MapContainer:
def __init__(self):
self.skeleton = skeleton
self.coverage = coverage
self.ogm = ogm
self.brush = brush
self.nodes = [node for node in nodes if TargetSelection.is_good(brush, ogm, coverage, node)]
self.robot_px = [robot_pose['x_px'] - origin['x'] / resolution,
robot_pose['y_px'] - origin['y'] / resolution]
self.theta = robot_pose['th']
@staticmethod
def create_path(path_target):
return self.path_planning.createPath(g_robot_pose, path_target, resolution)
target = self.select_by_cost(MapContainer())
else:
assert False, "Invalid target_selector method."
if tinit is not None:
Print.art_print("Target method {} time: {}".format(self.method, time.time() - tinit), Print.ORANGE)
return target
def selectTarget(self, init_ogm, coverage, robot_pose, origin, \
resolution, force_random = False):
target = [-1, -1]
######################### NOTE: QUESTION ##############################
# Implement a smart way to select the next target. You have the
# following tools: ogm_limits, Brushfire field, OGM skeleton,
# topological nodes.
# Find only the useful boundaries of OGM. Only there calculations
# have meaning
ogm_limits = OgmOperations.findUsefulBoundaries(
init_ogm, origin, resolution)
# Blur the OGM to erase discontinuities due to laser rays
ogm = OgmOperations.blurUnoccupiedOgm(init_ogm, ogm_limits)
# Calculate Brushfire field
tinit = time.time()
brush = self.brush.obstaclesBrushfireCffi(ogm, ogm_limits)
Print.art_print("Brush time: " + str(time.time() - tinit),
Print.ORANGE)
# Calculate skeletonization
tinit = time.time()
skeleton = self.topo.skeletonizationCffi(ogm, \
origin, resolution, ogm_limits)
Print.art_print("Skeletonization time: " + str(time.time() - tinit),
Print.ORANGE)
# Find topological graph
tinit = time.time()
nodes = self.topo.topologicalNodes(ogm, skeleton, coverage, origin, \
resolution, brush, ogm_limits)
Print.art_print("Topo nodes time: " + str(time.time() - tinit),
Print.ORANGE)
# Visualization of topological nodes
vis_nodes = []
for n in nodes:
vis_nodes.append([
n[0] * resolution + origin['x'],
n[1] * resolution + origin['y']
])
RvizHandler.printMarker(\
vis_nodes,\
1, # Type: Arrow
0, # Action: Add
"map", # Frame
"art_topological_nodes", # Namespace
[0.3, 0.4, 0.7, 0.5], # Color RGBA
0.1 # Scale
)
# Check at autonomous_expl.yaml if target_selector = 'random' or 'smart'
if self.method == 'random' or force_random == True:
target = self.selectRandomTarget(ogm, coverage, brush, ogm_limits)
elif self.method == 'smart' and force_random == False:
tinit = time.time()
# Get the robot pose in pixels
[rx, ry] = [\
robot_pose['x_px'] - \
origin['x'] / resolution,\
robot_pose['y_px'] - \
origin['y'] / resolution\
]
g_robot_pose = [rx, ry]
# If nodes > 25 the calculation time-cost is very big
# In order to avoid time-reset we perform sampling on
# the nodes list and take a half-sized sample
for i in range(0, len(nodes)):
nodes[i].append(i)
if (len(nodes) > 25):
nodes = random.sample(nodes, int(len(nodes) / 2))
# Initialize weigths
w_dist = [0] * len(nodes)
w_rot = [robot_pose['th']] * len(nodes)
w_cov = [0] * len(nodes)
w_topo = [0] * len(nodes)
# Calculate weights for every node in the topological graph
for i in range(0, len(nodes)):
# If path planning fails then give extreme values to weights
path = self.path_planning.createPath(g_robot_pose, nodes[i],
resolution)
if not path:
w_dist[i] = sys.maxsize
w_rot[i] = sys.maxsize
w_cov[i] = sys.maxsize
w_topo[i] = sys.maxsize
else:
for j in range(1, len(path)):
# Distance cost
w_dist[i] += math.hypot(path[j][0] - path[j - 1][0],
path[j][1] - path[j - 1][1])
# Rotational cost
w_rot[i] += abs(
math.atan2(path[j][0] - path[j - 1][0],
path[j][1] - path[j - 1][1]))
# Coverage cost
w_cov[i] += coverage[int(path[j][0])][int(
path[j][1])] / (len(path))
# Add the coverage cost of 0-th node of the path
w_cov[i] += coverage[int(path[0][0])][int(
path[0][1])] / (len(path))
# Topological cost
# This metric depicts wether the target node
# is placed in open space or near an obstacle
# We want the metric to be reliable so we also check node's neighbour cells
w_topo[i] += brush[nodes[i][0]][nodes[i][1]]
w_topo[i] += brush[nodes[i][0] - 1][nodes[i][1]]
w_topo[i] += brush[nodes[i][0] + 1][nodes[i][1]]
w_topo[i] += brush[nodes[i][0]][nodes[i][-1]]
w_topo[i] += brush[nodes[i][0]][nodes[i][+1]]
w_topo[i] += brush[nodes[i][0] - 1][nodes[i][1] - 1]
w_topo[i] += brush[nodes[i][0] + 1][nodes[i][1] + 1]
w_topo[i] = w_topo[i] / 7
# Normalize weights between 0-1
for i in range(0, len(nodes)):
w_dist[i] = 1 - (w_dist[i] - min(w_dist)) / (max(w_dist) -
min(w_dist))
w_rot[i] = 1 - (w_rot[i] - min(w_rot)) / (max(w_rot) -
min(w_rot))
w_cov[i] = 1 - (w_cov[i] - min(w_cov)) / (max(w_cov) -
min(w_cov))
w_topo[i] = 1 - (w_topo[i] - min(w_topo)) / (max(w_topo) -
min(w_topo))
# Set cost values
# We set each cost's priority based on experimental results
# from "Cost-Based Target Selection Techniques Towards Full Space
# Exploration and Coverage for USAR Applications
# in a Priori Unknown Environments" publication
C1 = w_topo
C2 = w_dist
C3 = [1] * len(nodes)
for i in range(0, len(nodes)):
C3[i] -= w_cov[i]
C4 = w_rot
# Priority Weight
C_PW = [0] * len(nodes)
# Smoothing Factor
C_SF = [0] * len(nodes)
# Target's Final Priority
C_FP = [0] * len(nodes)
for i in range(0, len(nodes)):
C_PW[i] = 2**3 * (1 - C1[i]) / .5 + 2**2 * (
1 - C2[i]) / .5 + 2**1 * (1 - C3[i]) / .5 + 2**0 * (
1 - C4[i]) / .5
C_SF[i] = (2**3 * (1 - C1[i]) + 2**2 * (1 - C2[i]) + 2**1 *
(1 - C3[i]) + 2**0 * (1 - C4[i])) / (2**4 - 1)
C_FP[i] = C_PW[i] * C_SF[i]
# Select the node with the smallest C_FP value
val, idx = min((val, idx) for (idx, val) in enumerate(C_FP))
Print.art_print(
"Select smart target time: " + str(time.time() - tinit),
Print.BLUE)
Print.art_print("Selected Target - Node: " + str(nodes[idx][2]),
Print.BLUE)
target = nodes[idx]
else:
Print.art_print(
"[ERROR] target_selector at autonomous_expl.yaml must be either 'random' or 'smart'",
Print.RED)
########################################################################
return target
def selectTarget(self, ogm, coverage, robot_pose, origin, \
resolution, force_random = False):
# Random point
if self.method == 'random' or force_random == True:
init_ogm = ogm
# Find only the useful boundaries of OGM. Only there calculations
# have meaning
ogm_limits = OgmOperations.findUsefulBoundaries(
init_ogm, origin, resolution)
# Blur the OGM to erase discontinuities due to laser rays
ogm = OgmOperations.blurUnoccupiedOgm(init_ogm, ogm_limits)
# Calculate Brushfire field
tinit = time.time()
brush = self.brush.obstaclesBrushfireCffi(ogm, ogm_limits)
Print.art_print("Brush time: " + str(time.time() - tinit),
Print.ORANGE)
# Calculate skeletonization
tinit = time.time()
skeleton = self.topo.skeletonizationCffi(ogm, \
origin, resolution, ogm_limits)
Print.art_print(
"Skeletonization time: " + str(time.time() - tinit),
Print.ORANGE)
# Find topological graph
tinit = time.time()
nodes = self.topo.topologicalNodes(ogm, skeleton, coverage, origin, \
resolution, brush, ogm_limits)
Print.art_print("Topo nodes time: " + str(time.time() - tinit),
Print.ORANGE)
# Visualization of topological nodes
vis_nodes = []
for n in nodes:
vis_nodes.append([
n[0] * resolution + origin['x'],
n[1] * resolution + origin['y']
])
RvizHandler.printMarker(\
vis_nodes,\
1, # Type: Arrow
0, # Action: Add
"map", # Frame
"art_topological_nodes", # Namespace
[0.3, 0.4, 0.7, 0.5], # Color RGBA
0.1 # Scale
)
target = self.selectRandomTarget(ogm, coverage, brush, ogm_limits)
return [False, target]
tinit = time.time()
g_robot_pose = [robot_pose['x_px'] - int(origin['x'] / resolution), \
robot_pose['y_px'] - int(origin['y'] / resolution)]
# Calculate coverage frontier with sobel filters
tinit = time.time()
cov_dx = scipy.ndimage.sobel(coverage, 0)
cov_dy = scipy.ndimage.sobel(coverage, 1)
cov_frontier = np.hypot(cov_dx, cov_dy)
cov_frontier *= 100 / np.max(cov_frontier)
cov_frontier = 100 * (cov_frontier > 80)
Print.art_print("Sobel filters time: " + str(time.time() - tinit),
Print.BLUE)
# Remove the edges that correspond to obstacles instead of frontiers (in a 5x5 radius)
kern = 5
tinit = time.time()
i_rng = np.matlib.repmat(
np.arange(-(kern / 2), kern / 2 + 1).reshape(kern, 1), 1, kern)
j_rng = np.matlib.repmat(np.arange(-(kern / 2), kern / 2 + 1), kern, 1)
for i in range((kern / 2), cov_frontier.shape[0] - (kern / 2)):
for j in range((kern / 2), cov_frontier.shape[1] - (kern / 2)):
if cov_frontier[i, j] == 100:
if np.any(ogm[i + i_rng, j + j_rng] > 99):
cov_frontier[i, j] = 0
Print.art_print("Frontier trimming time: " + str(time.time() - tinit),
Print.BLUE)
# Save coverage frontier as image (for debugging purposes)
# scipy.misc.imsave('test.png', np.rot90(cov_frontier))
# Frontier detection/grouping
tinit = time.time()
labeled_frontiers, num_frontiers = scipy.ndimage.label(
cov_frontier, np.ones((3, 3)))
Print.art_print("Frontier grouping time: " + str(time.time() - tinit),
Print.BLUE)
goals = np.full((num_frontiers, 2), -1)
w_dist = np.full(len(goals), -1)
w_turn = np.full(len(goals), -1)
w_size = np.full(len(goals), -1)
w_obst = np.full(len(goals), -1)
# Calculate the centroid and its cost, for each frontier
for i in range(1, num_frontiers + 1):
points = np.where(labeled_frontiers == i)
# Discard small groupings (we chose 20 as a treshold arbitrarily)
group_length = points[0].size
if group_length < 20:
labeled_frontiers[points] = 0
continue
sum_x = np.sum(points[0])
sum_y = np.sum(points[1])
centroid = np.array([sum_x / group_length,
sum_y / group_length]).reshape(2, 1)
# Find the point on the frontier nearest (2-norm) to the centroid, and use it as goal
nearest_idx = np.linalg.norm(np.array(points) - centroid,
axis=0).argmin()
print ogm[int(points[0][nearest_idx]), int(points[1][nearest_idx])]
goals[i - 1, :] = np.array(
[points[0][nearest_idx], points[1][nearest_idx]])
# Save centroids for later visualisation (for debugging purposes)
labeled_frontiers[int(goals[i - 1, 0]) + i_rng,
int(goals[i - 1, 1]) + j_rng] = i
# Calculate size of obstacles between robot and goal
line_pxls = list(bresenham(int(goals[i-1,0]), int(goals[i-1,1]),\
g_robot_pose[0], g_robot_pose[1]))
ogm_line = list(map(lambda pxl: ogm[pxl[0], pxl[1]], line_pxls))
N_occupied = len(list(filter(lambda x: x > 25, ogm_line)))
N_line = len(line_pxls)
w_obst[i - 1] = float(N_occupied) / N_line
# print('Occupied = '+str(N_occupied))
# print('Full Line = '+str(N_line))
# ipdb.set_trace()
# Manhattan distance
w_dist[i - 1] = scipy.spatial.distance.cityblock(
goals[i - 1, :], g_robot_pose)
# Missalignment
theta = np.arctan2(goals[i - 1, 1] - g_robot_pose[1],
goals[i - 1, 0] - g_robot_pose[0])
w_turn[i - 1] = (theta - robot_pose['th'])
if w_turn[i - 1] > np.pi:
w_turn[i - 1] -= 2 * np.pi
elif w_turn[i - 1] < -np.pi:
w_turn[i - 1] += 2 * np.pi
# We don't care about the missalignment direction so we abs() it
w_turn[i - 1] = np.abs(w_turn[i - 1])
# Frontier size
w_size[i - 1] = group_length
# Save frontier groupings as an image (for debugging purposes)
cmap = plt.cm.jet
norm = plt.Normalize(vmin=labeled_frontiers.min(),
vmax=labeled_frontiers.max())
image = cmap(norm(labeled_frontiers))
plt.imsave('frontiers.png', np.rot90(image))
# Remove invalid goals and weights
valids = w_dist != -1
goals = goals[valids]
w_dist = w_dist[valids]
w_turn = w_turn[valids]
w_size = w_size[valids]
w_obst = w_obst[valids]
# Normalize weights
w_dist = (w_dist - min(w_dist)) / (max(w_dist) - min(w_dist))
w_turn = (w_turn - min(w_turn)) / (max(w_turn) - min(w_turn))
w_size = (w_size - min(w_size)) / (max(w_size) - min(w_size))
# Cancel turn weight for frontiers that have obstacles
w_turn[np.where(w_obst != 0)] = 1
# Goal cost function
c_dist = 3
c_turn = 2
c_size = 1
c_obst = 4
costs = c_dist * w_dist + c_turn * w_turn + c_size * w_size + c_obst * w_obst
min_idx = costs.argmin()
Print.art_print("Target selection time: " + str(time.time() - tinit),
Print.ORANGE)
print costs
print goals
## Safety Distance from obstacles
# Goal Coordinates
grid_size = 20
[found_obstacle, closest_obstacle,
min_dist] = self.detectObstacles(grid_size, ogm, goals[min_idx])
if found_obstacle == False:
return [False, goals[min_idx]]
# Calculate new goal:
dist_from_obstacles = 10
normal_vector = goals[min_idx] - closest_obstacle
normal_vector = normal_vector / np.hypot(normal_vector[0],
normal_vector[1])
new_goal = closest_obstacle + dist_from_obstacles * normal_vector
# Check new goal for nearby obstacles
[found_obstacle, closest_obstacle, min_dist_new] = \
self.detectObstacles(grid_size, ogm, new_goal.round())
# Return
if min_dist < 7:
# return the target with max min_dist
if min_dist_new > min_dist:
return [True, new_goal.round(), goals[min_idx]]
else:
return [False, goals[min_idx]]
else:
return [False, goals[min_idx]]
def selectTarget(self, init_ogm, coverage, robot_pose, origin, \
resolution, force_random = False ):
target = [-1, -1]
######################### NOTE: QUESTION ##############################
# Implement a smart way to select the next target. You have the
# following tools: ogm_limits, Brushfire field, OGM skeleton,
# topological nodes.
# Find only the useful boundaries of OGM. Only there calculations
# have meaning
ogm_limits = OgmOperations.findUsefulBoundaries(
init_ogm, origin, resolution)
# Blur the OGM to erase discontinuities due to laser rays
ogm = OgmOperations.blurUnoccupiedOgm(init_ogm, ogm_limits)
# Calculate Brushfire field
tinit = time.time()
brush = self.brush.obstaclesBrushfireCffi(ogm, ogm_limits)
Print.art_print("Brush time: " + str(time.time() - tinit),
Print.ORANGE)
# Calculate skeletonization
tinit = time.time()
skeleton = self.topo.skeletonizationCffi(ogm, \
origin, resolution, ogm_limits)
Print.art_print("Skeletonization time: " + str(time.time() - tinit),
Print.ORANGE)
# Find topological graph
tinit = time.time()
nodes = self.topo.topologicalNodes(ogm, skeleton, coverage, origin, \
resolution, brush, ogm_limits)
for i in range(0, len(nodes)):
print " node " + str(nodes[i])
Print.art_print("Topo nodes time: " + str(time.time() - tinit),
Print.ORANGE)
# Visualization of topological nodes
vis_nodes = []
for n in nodes:
vis_nodes.append([
n[0] * resolution + origin['x'],
n[1] * resolution + origin['y']
])
RvizHandler.printMarker(\
vis_nodes,\
1, # Type: Arrow
0, # Action: Add
"map", # Frame
"art_topological_nodes", # Namespace
[0.3, 0.4, 0.7, 0.5], # Color RGBA
0.1 # Scale
)
if force_random == True:
target = self.selectRandomTarget(ogm, coverage, brush, ogm_limits)
force_random = False
print " force random: CANNOT CREATE PATH TO SELECTED POINT"
return target
else:
# get robot's position
#g_robot_pose = [robot_pose['x_px'] - int(origin['x'] / resolution),\
# robot_pose['y_px'] - int(origin['y'] / resolution)]
[rx , ry] = [robot_pose['x_px'] - int(origin['x'] / resolution),\
robot_pose['y_px'] - int(origin['y'] / resolution)]
# find all the x and y distances between robot and goals
dis_x = [rx - target[0] for target in nodes]
dis_y = [ry - target[1] for target in nodes]
# calculate the euclidean distance
dist = [math.hypot(dis[0], dis[1]) for dis in zip(dis_x, dis_y)]
# calculate the manhattan distance between the robot and all nodes
#dist = [scipy.spatial.distance.cityblock(nodes[i], g_robot_pose) for i in range(0,len(nodes)) ]
# target is the closest node
min_dist, min_idx = min(zip(dist, range(len(dist))))
goal = nodes[min_idx]
target = goal
print "TARGET " + str(target) + " TARGET IDX " + str(min_idx)
########################################################################
return target
def targetSelection(self, initOgm, costmap, origin, resolution, robotPose):
rospy.loginfo("-----------------------------------------")
rospy.loginfo("[Target Select Node] Robot_Pose[x, y, th] = [%f, %f, %f]", \
robotPose['x'], robotPose['y'], robotPose['th'])
rospy.loginfo("[Target Select Node] OGM_Origin = [%i, %i]",
origin['x'], origin['y'])
rospy.loginfo("[Target Select Node] OGM_Size = [%u, %u]",
initOgm.shape[0], initOgm.shape[1])
ogmLimits = {}
ogmLimits['min_x'] = -1
ogmLimits['max_x'] = -1
ogmLimits['min_y'] = -1
ogmLimits['max_y'] = -1
# Find only the useful boundaries of OGM. Only there calculations have meaning
ogmLimits = OgmOperations.findUsefulBoundaries(initOgm, origin,
resolution)
print(ogmLimits)
while ogmLimits['min_x'] < 0 or ogmLimits['max_x'] < 0 or \
ogmLimits['min_y'] < 0 or ogmLimits['max_y'] < 0:
rospy.logwarn("[Main Node] Negative OGM limits. Retrying...")
ogmLimits = OgmOperations.findUsefulBoundaries(
initOgm, origin, resolution)
ogmLimits['min_x'] = abs(int(ogmLimits['min_x']))
ogmLimits['min_y'] = abs(int(ogmLimits['min_y']))
ogmLimits['max_x'] = abs(int(ogmLimits['max_x']))
ogmLimits['max_y'] = abs(int(ogmLimits['max_y']))
rospy.loginfo("[Target Select] OGM_Limits[x] = [%i, %i]", \
ogmLimits['min_x'], ogmLimits['max_x'])
rospy.loginfo("[Target Select] OGM_Limits[y] = [%i, %i]", \
ogmLimits['min_y'], ogmLimits['max_y'])
# Blur the OGM to erase discontinuities due to laser rays
#ogm = OgmOperations.blurUnoccupiedOgm(initOgm, ogmLimits)
ogm = initOgm
# for i in range(len(ogm)):
# for j in range(len(ogm)):
# if ogm[i][j] == 100:
# rospy.loginfo('i,j = [%d, %d]', i, j)
#
# Calculate Brushfire field
#itime = time.time()
#brush = self.brush.obstaclesBrushfireCffi(ogm, ogmLimits)
#rospy.loginfo("[Target Select] Brush ready! Elapsed time = %fsec", time.time() - itime)
#obst = self.brush.coverageLimitsBrushfire2(initOgm,ogm,robotPose,origin, resolution )
rospy.loginfo("Calculating brush2....")
# brush = self.brush.obstaclesBrushfireCffi(ogm,ogmLimits)
brush2 = self.brush.coverageLimitsBrushfire2(ogm, ogm, robotPose,
origin, resolution)
#goals = self.brush.closestUncoveredBrushfire(ogm, ogm, brush, robotPose, origin, resolution )
#robotPosePx = []
#robotPosePx[0] = robotPose['x']/resolution
#robotPosePy[1] = robotPose['y']/resolution
print 'size of brush2 :'
print len(brush2)
min_dist = 10**24
store_goal = ()
# rospy.loginfo("finding the difference between the two sets...")
# brush2.difference(visited)
#max_dist = random.randrange(1,10)
#rospy.loginfo("max_dist for this it is: %d ", max_dist)
throw = set()
for goal in brush2:
goal = list(goal)
for i in range(-10, 11):
if int(goal[0] / resolution -
origin['x'] / resolution) + i >= len(ogm):
break
if ogm[int(goal[0]/resolution - origin['x']/resolution) + i]\
[int(goal[1]/resolution - origin['y']/resolution) ] == 100:
goal = tuple(goal)
throw.add(goal)
break
for goal in brush2:
goal = list(goal)
for j in range(-10, 11):
if int(goal[1] / resolution -
origin['y'] / resolution) + j >= len(ogm[0]):
break
if ogm[int(goal[0]/resolution - origin['x']/resolution)]\
[int(goal[1]/resolution - origin['y']/resolution) + j] == 100:
goal = tuple(goal)
throw.add(goal)
break
print 'size of throw :'
print len(throw)
brush2.difference_update(throw)
print 'size of brush2 after update :'
print len(brush2)
distance_map = dict()
for goal in brush2:
dist = math.hypot(goal[0] - robotPose['x'],
goal[1] - robotPose['y'])
distance_map[goal] = dist
sorted_dist_map = sorted(distance_map.items(),
key=operator.itemgetter(1))
sorted_goal_list = list()
for key, value in sorted(distance_map.iteritems(),
key=lambda (k, v): (v, k)):
sorted_goal_list.append(key)
pass
#print "%s: %s" % (key, value)
# for key in distance_map:
# if distance_map[key] > random.randrange(1,5):
# goal = key
# break
# sorted_goal_list_sampled = sorted_goal_list[0:len(sorted_goal_list):10]
#print sorted_goal_list_top_10
# stored_goal = list()
# dist = 1000
# for goal in distance_map:
# if distance_map[goal] < dist:
# dist = distance_map[goal]
# stored_goal = goal
#
# rospy.loginfo('The stored goal is = [%f,%f]!!' ,stored_goal[0], stored_goal[1])
# rospy.loginfo('The distance is %f!!', distance_map[stored_goal])
# rospy.loginfo('The gain is %f!!', topo_gain[stored_goal])
# #rand_target = random.choice(distance_map.keys())
# #goal = rand_target
ind = random.randrange(0, min(4, len(sorted_goal_list)))
print 'ind is'
print ind
goal = sorted_goal_list[ind]
print 'the dist is'
print distance_map[goal]
goal = list(goal)
goal[0] = goal[0] + random.uniform(-0.5, 0.5)
goal[1] = goal[1] + random.uniform(-0.5, 0.5)
print goal
self.target = goal
#for goal in brush2:
# print sorted_distance_map[goal]
return self.target
rospy.loginfo("goal AFTER unifrom is: goal = [%f,%f]", store_goal[0],
store_goal[1])
def selectTarget(self, init_ogm, coverage, robot_pose, origin, \
resolution, force_random = False):
target = [-1, -1]
######################### NOTE: QUESTION ##############################
# Implement a smart way to select the next target. You have the
# following tools: ogm_limits, Brushfire field, OGM skeleton,
# topological nodes.
# Find only the useful boundaries of OGM. Only there calculations
# have meaning
ogm_limits = OgmOperations.findUsefulBoundaries(init_ogm, origin, resolution)
# Blur the OGM to erase discontinuities due to laser rays
ogm = OgmOperations.blurUnoccupiedOgm(init_ogm, ogm_limits)
# Calculate Brushfire field
tinit = time.time()
brush = self.brush.obstaclesBrushfireCffi(ogm, ogm_limits)
Print.art_print("Brush time: " + str(time.time() - tinit), Print.ORANGE)
# Calculate skeletonization
tinit = time.time()
skeleton = self.topo.skeletonizationCffi(ogm, \
origin, resolution, ogm_limits)
Print.art_print("Skeletonization time: " + str(time.time() - tinit), Print.ORANGE)
# Find topological graph
tinit = time.time()
nodes = self.topo.topologicalNodes(ogm, skeleton, coverage, origin, \
resolution, brush, ogm_limits)
Print.art_print("Topo nodes time: " + str(time.time() - tinit), Print.ORANGE)
# Visualization of topological nodes
vis_nodes = []
for n in nodes:
vis_nodes.append([
n[0] * resolution + origin['x'],
n[1] * resolution + origin['y']
])
RvizHandler.printMarker(\
vis_nodes,\
1, # Type: Arrow
0, # Action: Add
"map", # Frame
"art_topological_nodes", # Namespace
[0.3, 0.4, 0.7, 0.5], # Color RGBA
0.1 # Scale
)
# Random point
if self.method == 'random' or force_random == True:
target = self.selectRandomTarget(ogm, coverage, brush, ogm_limits)
########################################################################
# Challenge 6. Smart point selection demands autonomous_expl.yaml->target_selector: 'smart'
# Smart point selection
if self.method == 'smart' and force_random == False:
nextTarget = self.selectSmartTarget(coverage, brush, robot_pose, resolution, origin, nodes)
# Check if selectSmartTarget found a target
if nextTarget is not None:
# Check if the next target is the same as the previous
dist = math.hypot( nextTarget[0] - self.previous_target[0], nextTarget[1] - self.previous_target[1])
if dist > 5:
target = nextTarget
else:
target = self.selectRandomTarget(ogm, coverage, brush, ogm_limits)
else:
# No target found. Choose a random
target = self.selectRandomTarget(ogm, coverage, brush, ogm_limits)
self.previous_target = target
return target
def selectTarget(self,
init_ogm,
coverage,
robot_pose,
origin,
resolution,
g_robot_pose,
previous_limits=[],
force_random=False):
# Initialize Target
target = [-1, -1]
if self.running_time() > 15:
print('\x1b[37;1m' + str('15 Minutes Constraint Passed!!!') +
'\x1b[0m')
# Find only the useful boundaries of OGM
start = time()
ogm_limits = OgmOperations.findUsefulBoundaries(init_ogm,
origin,
resolution,
print_result=True,
step=20)
if self.debug:
print('\x1b[34;1m' + str('Target Selection: OGM Boundaries ') +
str(ogm_limits) + str(' in ') + str(time() - start) +
str(' seconds.') + '\x1b[0m')
# Blur the OGM to erase discontinuities due to laser rays
start = time()
ogm = OgmOperations.blurUnoccupiedOgm(init_ogm, ogm_limits)
if self.debug:
print('\x1b[34;1m' + str('Target Selection: OGM Blurred in ') +
str(time() - start) + str(' seconds.') + '\x1b[0m')
# Calculate Brushfire field
start = time()
brush = self.brush.obstaclesBrushfireCffi(ogm, ogm_limits)
if self.debug:
print('\x1b[34;1m' + str('Target Selection: Brush in ') +
str(time() - start) + str(' seconds.') + '\x1b[0m')
# Calculate Robot Position
[rx, ry] = [
robot_pose['x_px'] - origin['x'] / resolution,
robot_pose['y_px'] - origin['y'] / resolution
]
# Calculate Skeletonization
start = time()
skeleton = self.topology.skeletonizationCffi(ogm, origin, resolution,
ogm_limits)
if self.debug:
print('\x1b[34;1m' + str('Target Selection: Skeletonization in ') +
str(time() - start) + str(' seconds.') + '\x1b[0m')
# Find Topological Graph
start = time()
potential_targets = self.topology.topologicalNodes(
ogm,
skeleton,
coverage,
brush,
final_num_of_nodes=25,
erase_distance=100,
step=15)
if self.debug:
print('\x1b[34;1m' +
str('Target Selection: Topological Graph in ') +
str(time() - start) + str(' seconds.') + '\x1b[0m')
print('\x1b[34;1m' +
str("The Potential Targets to be Checked are ") +
str(len(potential_targets)) + '\x1b[0m')
if len(potential_targets) == 0:
print('\x1b[32;1m' +
str('\n------------------------------------------') +
str("Finished Space Exploration!!! ") +
str('------------------------------------------\n') +
'\x1b[0m')
sleep(10000)
# Visualization of Topological Graph
vis__potential_targets = []
for n in potential_targets:
vis__potential_targets.append([
n[0] * resolution + origin['x'],
n[1] * resolution + origin['y']
])
RvizHandler.printMarker(vis__potential_targets, 1, 0, "map",
"art_topological_nodes", [0.3, 0.4, 0.7, 0.5],
0.1)
# Check if we have given values to Gains
if not self.initialize_gains:
self.set_gain()
# Random Point Selection if Needed
if self.method == 'random' or force_random:
# Get Distance from Potential Targets
distance = np.zeros((len(potential_targets), 1), dtype=np.float32)
for idx, target in enumerate(potential_targets):
distance[idx] = hypot(rx - target[0], ry - target[1])
distance *= 255.0 / distance.max()
path = self.selectRandomTarget(ogm, coverage, brush, ogm_limits,
potential_targets, distance,
resolution, g_robot_pose)
if path is not None:
return path
else:
return []
# Sent Potential Targets for Color Evaluation (if Flag is Enable)
if self.color_evaluation_flag:
start_color = time()
while not self.sent_potential_targets_for_color_evaluation(
potential_targets, resolution, origin):
pass
# Initialize Arrays for Target Selection
id = np.array(range(0, len(potential_targets))).reshape(-1, 1)
brushfire = np.zeros((len(potential_targets), 1), dtype=np.float32)
distance = np.zeros((len(potential_targets), 1), dtype=np.float32)
color = np.zeros((len(potential_targets), 1), dtype=np.float32)
corners = np.zeros((len(potential_targets), 1), dtype=np.float32)
score = np.zeros((len(potential_targets), 1), dtype=np.float32)
# Calculate Distance and Brush Evaluation
start = time()
for idx, target in enumerate(potential_targets):
distance[idx] = hypot(rx - target[0], ry - target[1])
brushfire[idx] = brush[target[0], target[1]]
if self.debug:
print('\x1b[35;1m' +
str('Distance and Brush Evaluation Calculated in ') +
str(time() - start) + str(' seconds.') + '\x1b[0m')
# Wait for Color Evaluation to be Completed
if self.color_evaluation_flag:
while not self.targets_color_evaluated:
pass
color = np.array(self.color_evaluation).reshape(-1, 1)
corners = np.array(self.corner_evaluation,
dtype=np.float64).reshape(-1, 1)
# Reset Flag for Next Run
self.targets_color_evaluated = False
if self.debug:
print('\x1b[35;1m' + str('Color Evaluation Calculated in ') +
str(time() - start_color) + str(' seconds.') + '\x1b[0m')
# Normalize Evaluation Arrays to [0, 255]
distance *= 255.0 / distance.max()
brushfire *= 255.0 / brushfire.max()
if self.color_evaluation_flag:
# color max is 640*320 = 204800
color *= 255.0 / color.max()
color = 255.0 - color
corners *= 255.0 / corners.max()
# Calculate Score to Choose Best Target
# Final Array = [ Id. | [X] | [Y] | Color | Brush | Dist. | Num. of Corners | Score ]
# 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
# Max is: 255 + 255 - 0 - 0 = +510
# Min is: 0 + 0 - 255 - 255 = -510
evaluation = np.concatenate((id, potential_targets, color, brushfire,
distance, corners, score),
axis=1)
for e in evaluation:
# Choose Gains According to Type of Exploration (Default is Exploration)
if self.map_discovery_purpose == 'coverage':
e[7] = self.g_color * e[3] + self.g_brush * e[
4] - self.g_distance * e[5] - self.g_corner * e[6]
elif self.map_discovery_purpose == 'combined':
# Gains Change over Time
self.set_gain()
e[7] = self.g_color * e[3] + self.g_brush * e[
4] - self.g_distance * e[5] - self.g_corner * e[6]
else:
e[7] = self.g_color * e[3] + self.g_brush * e[
4] - self.g_distance * e[5] - self.g_corner * e[6]
# Normalize Score to [0, 255] and Sort According to Best Score (Increasingly)
evaluation[:, 7] = self.rescale(
evaluation[:,
7], (-self.g_distance * 255.0 - self.g_corner * 255.0),
(self.g_color * 255.0 + self.g_brush * 255.0), 0.0, 255.0)
evaluation = evaluation[evaluation[:, 7].argsort()]
# Best Target is in the Bottom of Evaluation Table Now
target = [
evaluation[[len(potential_targets) - 1], [1]],
evaluation[[len(potential_targets) - 1], [2]]
]
# Print The Score of the Target Selected
if len(previous_limits) != 0:
if not previous_limits['min_x'] < target[0] < previous_limits['max_x'] and not\
previous_limits['min_y'] < target[1] < previous_limits['max_y']:
print('\x1b[38;1m' +
str('Selected Target was inside Explored Area.') +
'\x1b[0m')
print('\x1b[35;1m' + str('Selected Target was ') +
str(int(evaluation.item(
(len(potential_targets) - 1), 0))) + str(' with score of ') +
str(evaluation.item(
(len(potential_targets) - 1), 7)) + str('.') + '\x1b[0m')
return self.path_planning.createPath(g_robot_pose, target, resolution)
def selectTarget(self, init_ogm, coverage, robot_pose, origin, \
resolution, force_random = False):
target = [-1, -1]
######################### NOTE: QUESTION ##############################
# Implement a smart way to select the next target. You have the
# following tools: ogm_limits, Brushfire field, OGM skeleton,
# topological nodes.
# Find only the useful boundaries of OGM. Only there calculations
# have meaning
ogm_limits = OgmOperations.findUsefulBoundaries(
init_ogm, origin, resolution)
# Blur the OGM to erase discontinuities due to laser rays
ogm = OgmOperations.blurUnoccupiedOgm(init_ogm, ogm_limits)
# Calculate Brushfire field
tinit = time.time()
brush = self.brush.obstaclesBrushfireCffi(ogm, ogm_limits)
Print.art_print("Brush time: " + str(time.time() - tinit),
Print.ORANGE)
# Calculate skeletonization
tinit = time.time()
skeleton = self.topo.skeletonizationCffi(ogm, \
origin, resolution, ogm_limits)
Print.art_print("Skeletonization time: " + str(time.time() - tinit),
Print.ORANGE)
# Find topological graph
tinit = time.time()
nodes = self.topo.topologicalNodes(ogm, skeleton, coverage, origin, \
resolution, brush, ogm_limits)
Print.art_print("Topo nodes time: " + str(time.time() - tinit),
Print.ORANGE)
# Visualization of topological nodes
vis_nodes = []
for n in nodes:
vis_nodes.append([
n[0] * resolution + origin['x'],
n[1] * resolution + origin['y']
])
RvizHandler.printMarker(\
vis_nodes,\
1, # Type: Arrow
0, # Action: Add
"map", # Frame
"art_topological_nodes", # Namespace
[0.3, 0.4, 0.7, 0.5], # Color RGBA
0.1 # Scale
)
# SMART TARGET SELECTION USING:
# 1. Brush-fire field
# 2. OGM Skeleton
# 3. Topological Nodes
# 4. Coverage field
# 5. OGM Limits
# Next subtarget is selected based on a
# weighted-calculated score for each node. The score
# is calculated using normalized values of the brush
# field and the number of branches. The weight values
# are defined experimentaly through the tuning method.
temp_score = 0
max_score = 0
best_node = nodes[0]
# the max-min boundaries are set arbitarily
BRUSH_MAX = 17
BRUSH_MIN = 1
BRUSH_WEIGHT = 2.5
BRANCH_MAX = 10
BRANCH_MIN = 0
BRANCH_WEIGHT = 2.5
DISTANCE_MIN = 0
DISTANCE_MAX = 40
DISTANCE_WEIGHT = 0.5
for n in nodes:
# Use brushfire to increase temp_score
temp_score = (brush[n[0]][n[1]] -
BRUSH_MIN) / (BRUSH_MAX - BRUSH_MIN) * BRUSH_WEIGHT
# Use OGM Skeleton to find potential
# branches following the target
branches = 0
for i in range(-1, 2):
for j in range(-1, 2):
if (i != 0 or j != 0):
branches += skeleton[n[0] + i][n[1] + j]
# Use OGM-Skeleton to increase temp_score (select a goal with more future options)
temp_score += (branches - BRANCH_MIN) / (BRANCH_MAX -
BRUSH_MIN) * BRANCH_WEIGHT
# Use OGM-Limits to decrease temp_score
# the goal closest to OGM limits is best exploration option
distance = math.sqrt((ogm_limits['max_x'] - n[0])**2 +
(ogm_limits['max_y'] - n[1])**2)
temp_score -= (distance - DISTANCE_MIN) / (
DISTANCE_MAX - DISTANCE_MIN) * DISTANCE_WEIGHT
# If temp_score is higher than current max
# score, then max score is updated and current node
# becomes next goal - target
if temp_score > max_score:
max_score = temp_score
best_node = n
final_x = best_node[0]
final_y = best_node[1]
target = [final_x, final_y]
# Random point
# if self.method == 'random' or force_random == True:
# target = self.selectRandomTarget(ogm, coverage, brush, ogm_limits)
########################################################################
return target