def test_basic(): """ Basic GridCal test, also useful for a basic tutorial. In this case the magnetizing branch of the transformers is neglected by inputting 1e-20 excitation current and iron core losses. The results are identical to ETAP's, which always uses this assumption in balanced load flow calculations. """ test_name = "test_basic" grid = MultiCircuit(name=test_name) S_base = 100 # MVA grid.Sbase = S_base grid.time_profile = None grid.logger = list() # Create buses POI = Bus( name="POI", vnom=100, #kV is_slack=True) grid.add_bus(POI) B_C3 = Bus(name="B_C3", vnom=10) #kV grid.add_bus(B_C3) B_MV_M32 = Bus(name="B_MV_M32", vnom=10) #kV grid.add_bus(B_MV_M32) B_LV_M32 = Bus(name="B_LV_M32", vnom=0.6) #kV grid.add_bus(B_LV_M32) # Create voltage controlled generators (or slack, a.k.a. swing) UT = Generator(name="Utility") UT.bus = POI grid.add_generator(POI, UT) # Create static generators (with fixed power factor) M32 = StaticGenerator( name="M32", P=4.2, # MW Q=0.0j) # MVAR M32.bus = B_LV_M32 grid.add_static_generator(B_LV_M32, M32) # Create transformer types s = 5 # MVA z = 8 # % xr = 40 SS = TransformerType( name="SS", hv_nominal_voltage=100, # kV lv_nominal_voltage=10, # kV nominal_power=s, copper_losses=complex_impedance(z, xr).real * s * 1000 / S_base, iron_losses=1e-20, no_load_current=1e-20, short_circuit_voltage=z) grid.add_transformer_type(SS) s = 5 # MVA z = 6 # % xr = 20 PM = TransformerType( name="PM", hv_nominal_voltage=10, # kV lv_nominal_voltage=0.6, # kV nominal_power=s, copper_losses=complex_impedance(z, xr).real * s * 1000 / S_base, iron_losses=1e-20, no_load_current=1e-20, short_circuit_voltage=z) grid.add_transformer_type(PM) # Create branches X_C3 = Branch(bus_from=POI, bus_to=B_C3, name="X_C3", branch_type=BranchType.Transformer, template=SS) grid.add_branch(X_C3) C_M32 = Branch(bus_from=B_C3, bus_to=B_MV_M32, name="C_M32", r=0.784, x=0.174) grid.add_branch(C_M32) X_M32 = Branch(bus_from=B_MV_M32, bus_to=B_LV_M32, name="X_M32", branch_type=BranchType.Transformer, template=PM) grid.add_branch(X_M32) # Apply templates (device types) grid.apply_all_branch_types() print("Buses:") for i, b in enumerate(grid.buses): print(f" - bus[{i}]: {b}") print() options = PowerFlowOptions(SolverType.LM, verbose=True, initialize_with_existing_solution=True, multi_core=True, control_q=ReactivePowerControlMode.Direct, tolerance=1e-6, max_iter=99) power_flow = PowerFlow(grid, options) power_flow.run() approx_volt = [round(100 * abs(v), 1) for v in power_flow.results.voltage] solution = [ 100.0, 99.6, 102.7, 102.9 ] # Expected solution from GridCal and ETAP 16.1.0, for reference print() print(f"Test: {test_name}") print(f"Results: {approx_volt}") print(f"Solution: {solution}") print() print("Generators:") for g in grid.get_generators(): print(f" - Generator {g}: q_min={g.Qmin}pu, q_max={g.Qmax}pu") print() print("Branches:") for b in grid.branches: print(f" - {b}:") print(f" R = {round(b.R, 4)} pu") print(f" X = {round(b.X, 4)} pu") print(f" X/R = {round(b.X/b.R, 1)}") print(f" G = {round(b.G, 4)} pu") print(f" B = {round(b.B, 4)} pu") print() print("Transformer types:") for t in grid.transformer_types: print( f" - {t}: Copper losses={int(t.Pcu)}kW, Iron losses={int(t.Pfe)}kW, SC voltage={t.Vsc}%" ) print() print("Losses:") for i in range(len(grid.branches)): print( f" - {grid.branches[i]}: losses={1000*round(power_flow.results.losses[i], 3)} kVA" ) print() equal = True for i in range(len(approx_volt)): if approx_volt[i] != solution[i]: equal = False assert equal
def test_xfo_static_tap_3(): """ Basic test with the main transformer's HV tap (X_C3) set at -2.5% (0.975 pu), which raises the LV by the same amount (+2.5%). """ test_name = "test_xfo_static_tap_3" grid = MultiCircuit(name=test_name) grid.Sbase = Sbase grid.time_profile = None grid.logger = Logger() # Create buses POI = Bus( name="POI", vnom=100, # kV is_slack=True) grid.add_bus(POI) B_C3 = Bus(name="B_C3", vnom=10) # kV grid.add_bus(B_C3) B_MV_M32 = Bus(name="B_MV_M32", vnom=10) # kV grid.add_bus(B_MV_M32) B_LV_M32 = Bus(name="B_LV_M32", vnom=0.6) # kV grid.add_bus(B_LV_M32) # Create voltage controlled generators (or slack, a.k.a. swing) UT = Generator(name="Utility") UT.bus = POI grid.add_generator(POI, UT) # Create static generators (with fixed power factor) M32 = StaticGenerator(name="M32", P=4.2, Q=0.0) # MVA (complex) M32.bus = B_LV_M32 grid.add_static_generator(B_LV_M32, M32) # Create transformer types s = 5 # MVA z = 8 # % xr = 40 SS = TransformerType( name="SS", hv_nominal_voltage=100, # kV lv_nominal_voltage=10, # kV nominal_power=s, copper_losses=complex_impedance(z, xr).real * s * 1000 / Sbase, iron_losses=6.25, # kW no_load_current=0.5, # % short_circuit_voltage=z) grid.add_transformer_type(SS) s = 5 # MVA z = 6 # % xr = 20 PM = TransformerType( name="PM", hv_nominal_voltage=10, # kV lv_nominal_voltage=0.6, # kV nominal_power=s, copper_losses=complex_impedance(z, xr).real * s * 1000 / Sbase, iron_losses=6.25, # kW no_load_current=0.5, # % short_circuit_voltage=z) grid.add_transformer_type(PM) # Create branches X_C3 = Branch(bus_from=POI, bus_to=B_C3, name="X_C3", branch_type=BranchType.Transformer, template=SS, tap=0.975) # update to a more precise tap changer X_C3.apply_tap_changer( TapChanger(taps_up=20, taps_down=20, max_reg=1.1, min_reg=0.9)) grid.add_branch(X_C3) C_M32 = Branch(bus_from=B_C3, bus_to=B_MV_M32, name="C_M32", r=0.784, x=0.174) grid.add_branch(C_M32) X_M32 = Branch(bus_from=B_MV_M32, bus_to=B_LV_M32, name="X_M32", branch_type=BranchType.Transformer, template=PM) grid.add_branch(X_M32) # Apply templates (device types) grid.apply_all_branch_types() print("Buses:") for i, b in enumerate(grid.buses): print(f" - bus[{i}]: {b}") print() options = PowerFlowOptions(SolverType.NR, verbose=True, initialize_with_existing_solution=True, multi_core=True, control_q=ReactivePowerControlMode.Direct, tolerance=1e-6, max_iter=15) power_flow = PowerFlowDriver(grid, options) power_flow.run() print() print(f"Test: {test_name}") print() print("Generators:") for g in grid.get_generators(): print(f" - Generator {g}: q_min={g.Qmin} MVAR, q_max={g.Qmax} MVAR") print() print("Branches:") for b in grid.branches: print(f" - {b}:") print(f" R = {round(b.R, 4)} pu") print(f" X = {round(b.X, 4)} pu") print(f" X/R = {round(b.X/b.R, 1)}") print(f" G = {round(b.G, 4)} pu") print(f" B = {round(b.B, 4)} pu") print() print("Transformer types:") for t in grid.transformer_types: print(f" - {t}: Copper losses={int(t.Pcu)}kW, " f"Iron losses={int(t.Pfe)}kW, SC voltage={t.Vsc}%") print() print("Losses:") for i in range(len(grid.branches)): print( f" - {grid.branches[i]}: losses={1000*round(power_flow.results.losses[i], 3)} kVA" ) print() equal = False for i, branch in enumerate(grid.branches): if branch.name == "X_C3": equal = power_flow.results.tap_module[i] == branch.tap_module if not equal: grid.export_pf(f"{test_name}_results.xlsx", power_flow.results) grid.save_excel(f"{test_name}_grid.xlsx") assert equal
def test_xfo_static_tap_1(): """ Basic test with the main transformer's HV tap (X_C3) set at +5% (1.05 pu), which lowers the LV by the same amount (-5%). """ test_name = "test_xfo_static_tap_1" grid = MultiCircuit(name=test_name) grid.Sbase = Sbase grid.time_profile = None grid.logger = Logger() # Create buses POI = Bus( name="POI", vnom=100, #kV is_slack=True) grid.add_bus(POI) B_C3 = Bus(name="B_C3", vnom=10) #kV grid.add_bus(B_C3) B_MV_M32 = Bus(name="B_MV_M32", vnom=10) #kV grid.add_bus(B_MV_M32) B_LV_M32 = Bus(name="B_LV_M32", vnom=0.6) #kV grid.add_bus(B_LV_M32) # Create voltage controlled generators (or slack, a.k.a. swing) UT = Generator(name="Utility") UT.bus = POI grid.add_generator(POI, UT) # Create static generators (with fixed power factor) M32 = StaticGenerator(name="M32", P=4.2, Q=0.0) # MVA (complex) M32.bus = B_LV_M32 grid.add_static_generator(B_LV_M32, M32) # Create transformer types s = 5 # MVA z = 8 # % xr = 40 SS = TransformerType( name="SS", hv_nominal_voltage=100, # kV lv_nominal_voltage=10, # kV nominal_power=s, copper_losses=complex_impedance(z, xr).real * s * 1000 / Sbase, iron_losses=6.25, # kW no_load_current=0.5, # % short_circuit_voltage=z) grid.add_transformer_type(SS) s = 5 # MVA z = 6 # % xr = 20 PM = TransformerType( name="PM", hv_nominal_voltage=10, # kV lv_nominal_voltage=0.6, # kV nominal_power=s, copper_losses=complex_impedance(z, xr).real * s * 1000 / Sbase, iron_losses=6.25, # kW no_load_current=0.5, # % short_circuit_voltage=z) grid.add_transformer_type(PM) # Create branches X_C3 = Branch(bus_from=POI, bus_to=B_C3, name="X_C3", branch_type=BranchType.Transformer, template=SS, tap=1.05) grid.add_branch(X_C3) C_M32 = Branch(bus_from=B_C3, bus_to=B_MV_M32, name="C_M32", r=0.784, x=0.174) grid.add_branch(C_M32) X_M32 = Branch(bus_from=B_MV_M32, bus_to=B_LV_M32, name="X_M32", branch_type=BranchType.Transformer, template=PM) grid.add_branch(X_M32) # Apply templates (device types) grid.apply_all_branch_types() print("Buses:") for i, b in enumerate(grid.buses): print(f" - bus[{i}]: {b}") print() options = PowerFlowOptions(SolverType.NR, verbose=True, initialize_with_existing_solution=True, multi_core=True, control_q=ReactivePowerControlMode.Direct, tolerance=1e-6, max_iter=99) power_flow = PowerFlowDriver(grid, options) power_flow.run() approx_volt = [round(100 * abs(v), 1) for v in power_flow.results.voltage] solution = [100.0, 94.7, 98.0, 98.1] # Expected solution from GridCal print() print(f"Test: {test_name}") print(f"Results: {approx_volt}") print(f"Solution: {solution}") print() print("Generators:") for g in grid.get_generators(): print(f" - Generator {g}: q_min={g.Qmin} MVAR, q_max={g.Qmax} MVAR") print() print("Branches:") for b in grid.branches: print(f" - {b}:") print(f" R = {round(b.R, 4)} pu") print(f" X = {round(b.X, 4)} pu") print(f" X/R = {round(b.X/b.R, 1)}") print(f" G = {round(b.G, 4)} pu") print(f" B = {round(b.B, 4)} pu") print() print("Transformer types:") for t in grid.transformer_types: print( f" - {t}: Copper losses={int(t.Pcu)}kW, Iron losses={int(t.Pfe)}kW, SC voltage={t.Vsc}%" ) print() print("Losses:") for i in range(len(grid.branches)): print( f" - {grid.branches[i]}: losses={1000*round(power_flow.results.losses[i], 3)} kVA" ) print() equal = True for i in range(len(approx_volt)): if approx_volt[i] != solution[i]: equal = False assert equal
def test_gridcal_regulator(): """ GridCal test for the new implementation of transformer voltage regulators. """ test_name = "test_gridcal_regulator" grid = MultiCircuit(name=test_name) grid.Sbase = 100.0 # MVA grid.time_profile = None grid.logger = Logger() # Create buses POI = Bus( name="POI", vnom=100, # kV is_slack=True) grid.add_bus(POI) B_C3 = Bus(name="B_C3", vnom=10) # kV grid.add_bus(B_C3) B_MV_M32 = Bus(name="B_MV_M32", vnom=10) # kV grid.add_bus(B_MV_M32) B_LV_M32 = Bus(name="B_LV_M32", vnom=0.6) # kV grid.add_bus(B_LV_M32) # Create voltage controlled generators (or slack, a.k.a. swing) UT = Generator(name="Utility") UT.bus = POI grid.add_generator(POI, UT) # Create static generators (with fixed power factor) M32 = StaticGenerator(name="M32", P=4.2, Q=0.0) # MVA (complex) M32.bus = B_LV_M32 grid.add_static_generator(B_LV_M32, M32) # Create transformer types s = 100 # MVA z = 8 # % xr = 40 SS = TransformerType( name="SS", hv_nominal_voltage=100, # kV lv_nominal_voltage=10, # kV nominal_power=s, # MVA copper_losses=complex_impedance(z, xr).real * s * 1000.0 / grid.Sbase, # kW iron_losses=125, # kW no_load_current=0.5, # % short_circuit_voltage=z) # % grid.add_transformer_type(SS) s = 5 # MVA z = 6 # % xr = 20 PM = TransformerType( name="PM", hv_nominal_voltage=10, # kV lv_nominal_voltage=0.6, # kV nominal_power=s, # MVA copper_losses=complex_impedance(z, xr).real * s * 1000.0 / grid.Sbase, # kW iron_losses=6.25, # kW no_load_current=0.5, # % short_circuit_voltage=z) # % grid.add_transformer_type(PM) # Create branches X_C3 = Branch(bus_from=POI, bus_to=B_C3, name="X_C3", branch_type=BranchType.Transformer, template=SS, bus_to_regulated=True, vset=1.05) X_C3.tap_changer = TapChanger(taps_up=16, taps_down=16, max_reg=1.1, min_reg=0.9) X_C3.tap_changer.set_tap(X_C3.tap_module) grid.add_branch(X_C3) C_M32 = Branch(bus_from=B_C3, bus_to=B_MV_M32, name="C_M32", r=7.84, x=1.74) grid.add_branch(C_M32) X_M32 = Branch(bus_from=B_MV_M32, bus_to=B_LV_M32, name="X_M32", branch_type=BranchType.Transformer, template=PM) grid.add_branch(X_M32) # Apply templates (device types) grid.apply_all_branch_types() print("Buses:") for i, b in enumerate(grid.buses): print(f" - bus[{i}]: {b}") print() options = PowerFlowOptions(SolverType.NR, verbose=True, initialize_with_existing_solution=True, multi_core=True, control_q=ReactivePowerControlMode.Direct, control_taps=TapsControlMode.Direct, tolerance=1e-6, max_iter=99) power_flow = PowerFlowDriver(grid, options) power_flow.run() approx_volt = [round(100 * abs(v), 1) for v in power_flow.results.voltage] solution = [100.0, 105.2, 130.0, 130.1] # Expected solution from GridCal print() print(f"Test: {test_name}") print(f"Results: {approx_volt}") print(f"Solution: {solution}") print() print("Generators:") for g in grid.get_generators(): print(f" - Generator {g}: q_min={g.Qmin}pu, q_max={g.Qmax}pu") print() print("Branches:") branches = grid.get_branches() for b in grid.transformers2w: print( f" - {b}: R={round(b.R, 4)}pu, X={round(b.X, 4)}pu, X/R={round(b.X/b.R, 1)}, vset={b.vset}" ) print() print("Transformer types:") for t in grid.transformer_types: print( f" - {t}: Copper losses={int(t.Pcu)}kW, Iron losses={int(t.Pfe)}kW, SC voltage={t.Vsc}%" ) print() print("Losses:") for i in range(len(branches)): print( f" - {branches[i]}: losses={round(power_flow.results.losses[i], 3)} MVA" ) print() tr_vset = [tr.vset for tr in grid.transformers2w] print(f"Voltage settings: {tr_vset}") equal = np.isclose(approx_volt, solution, atol=1e-3).all() assert equal