class BoidFlockers(Model):
'''
A Mesa implementation of flocking agents inspired by https://doi.org/10.1109/IROS.2014.6943105.
'''
def __init__(self, formation, population, width, height, vision, min_dist,
flock_vel, accel_time, equi_dist, repulse_max, repulse_spring,
align_frict, align_slope, align_min, wall_decay, wall_frict,
form_shape, form_track, form_decay, wp_tolerance):
'''
Create a new Flockers model.
Args:
population: Number of agents.
width, height: Size of the space.
vision: How far around should each agents look for its neighbors.
min_dist: Minimum allowed distance between agents before a collision occurs. This is only used for statistics.
'''
# set parameters
self.population = population
self.space = ContinuousSpace(width, height, torus=False)
self.vision = vision
self.min_dist = min_dist
self.params = dict(formation=formation,
population=population,
flock_vel=flock_vel,
accel_time=accel_time,
equi_dist=equi_dist,
repulse_max=repulse_max,
repulse_spring=repulse_spring,
align_frict=align_frict,
align_slope=align_slope,
align_min=align_min,
wall_decay=wall_decay,
wall_frict=wall_frict,
form_shape=form_shape,
form_track=form_track,
form_decay=form_decay,
wp_tolerance=wp_tolerance)
# data collection for plots
self.datacollector = DataCollector(
model_reporters={
"Minimum Distance": minimum_distance,
"Maximum Distance": maximum_distance,
"Average Distance": average_distance,
"Collisions": collisions,
"Messags Distributed": messages_distributed,
"Messags Centralized": messages_centralized
})
# execute agents sequentially in a random order
self.schedule = RandomActivation(self)
# place agents
self.make_agents()
# pairwise distances
self.agent_distances()
# run model
self.running = True
# collect initial data sample
self.datacollector.collect(self)
def agent_distances(self):
'''
Compute the pairwise distances between all agents.
'''
self.density = [
self.space.get_distance(pair[0].pos, pair[1].pos)
for pair in it.combinations(self.schedule.agent_buffer(), 2)
]
def make_agents(self):
'''
Create self.population agents and place it at the center of the environment.
'''
s = np.floor(np.sqrt(self.population))
for i in range(self.population):
x = self.space.center[
0] - self.min_dist * s + 2 * self.min_dist * (i % s)
y = self.space.center[1] - self.min_dist * np.floor(
self.population / s) + 2 * self.min_dist * np.floor(i / s)
pos = np.array((x, y))
velocity = np.array([0, 1.0])
boid = Boid(i, self, pos, velocity, self.vision, **self.params)
self.space.place_agent(boid, pos)
self.schedule.add(boid)
def step(self):
'''
Execute one step of the simulation.
'''
self.schedule.step()
self.agent_distances()
self.datacollector.collect(self)
class PolicyEmergenceSM(Model):
'''
Simplest Model for the policy emergence model.
'''
def __init__(self, SM_inputs, height=20, width=20):
self.height = height # height of the canvas
self.width = width # width of the canvas
self.SM_inputs = SM_inputs # inputs for the entire model
self.stepCount = 0 # int - [-] - initialisation of step counter
self.agenda_PC = None # initialisation of agenda policy core issue tracker
self.policy_implemented_number = None # initialisation of policy number tracker
self.policy_formulation_run = False # check value for running policy formulation
self.w_el_influence = self.SM_inputs[
9] # float - [-] - electorate influence weight constant
# todo - consider also saving the electorate influence parameter
self.schedule = RandomActivation(self) # mesa random activation method
self.grid = SingleGrid(height, width,
torus=True) # mesa grid creation method
# creation of the datacollector vector
self.datacollector = DataCollector(
# Model-level variables
model_reporters={
"step": "stepCount",
"AS_PF": get_problem_policy_chosen,
"agent_attributes": get_agents_attributes,
"electorate_attributes": get_electorate_attributes
},
# Agent-level variables
agent_reporters={
"x":
lambda a: a.pos[0],
"y":
lambda a: a.pos[1],
"Agent type":
lambda a: type(a),
"Issuetree":
lambda a: getattr(a, 'issuetree', [None])[
a.unique_id if isinstance(a, ActiveAgent) else 0]
})
self.len_S, self.len_PC, self.len_DC, self.len_CR = belief_tree_input(
) # setting up belief tree
self.policy_instruments, self.len_ins, self.PF_indices = policy_instrument_input(
) # setting up policy instruments
init_active_agents(self, self.len_S, self.len_PC, self.len_DC,
self.len_CR, self.len_PC, self.len_ins,
self.SM_inputs) # setting up active agents
init_electorate_agents(self, self.len_S, self.len_PC, self.len_DC,
self.SM_inputs) # setting up passive agents
init_truth_agent(self, self.len_S, self.len_PC, self.len_DC,
self.len_ins) # setting up truth agent
self.running = True
self.numberOfAgents = self.schedule.get_agent_count()
self.datacollector.collect(self)
def step(self, KPIs):
'''
Main steps of the Simplest Model for policy emergence:
0. Module interface - Input
1. Agenda setting step
2. Policy formulation step
3. Data collection
'''
self.KPIs = KPIs # saving the indicators
# 0. initialisation
self.module_interface_input(
self.KPIs) # communicating the beliefs (indicators)
self.electorate_influence(
self.w_el_influence) # electorate influence actions
# 1. agenda setting
self.agenda_setting()
# 2. policy formulation
if self.policy_formulation_run:
policy_implemented = self.policy_formulation()
else:
policy_implemented = self.policy_instruments[-1]
# 3. data collection
self.stepCount += 1 # iterate the steps counter
self.datacollector.collect(self) # collect data
print("Step ends", "\n")
return policy_implemented
def module_interface_input(self, KPIs):
'''
The module interface input step consists of actions related to the module interface and the policy emergence model
'''
len_DC = self.len_DC
len_PC = self.len_PC
len_S = self.len_S
len_ins = self.len_ins
# saving the issue tree of the truth agent
for agent in self.schedule.agent_buffer(shuffled=True):
if isinstance(agent, TruthAgent):
agent.issuetree_truth = KPIs
truth_issuetree = agent.issuetree_truth
truth_policytree = agent.policytree_truth
# Transferring policy impact to active agents
for agent in self.schedule.agent_buffer(shuffled=True):
if isinstance(agent, ActiveAgent): # selecting only active agents
# for PFj in range(len_PC): # communicating the policy family likelihoods
# for PFij in range(len_PC):
# agent.policytree[agent.unique_id][PFj][PFij] = truth_policytree[PFj][PFij]
for insj in range(
len_ins
): # communicating the policy instruments impacts
agent.policytree[agent.unique_id][
len_PC + insj][0:len_S] = truth_policytree[len_PC +
insj]
for issue in range(
len_DC + len_PC + len_S
): # communicating the issue beliefs from the KPIs
agent.issuetree[
agent.unique_id][issue][0] = truth_issuetree[issue]
self.preference_update(
agent, agent.unique_id) # updating the preferences
def agenda_setting(self):
'''
In the agenda setting step, the active agents first select their policy core issue of preference and then select
the agenda.
'''
# active agent policy core selection
for agent in self.schedule.agent_buffer(shuffled=False):
if isinstance(agent, ActiveAgent): # selecting only active agents
agent.selection_PC()
# for each agent, selection of their preferred policy core issue
selected_PC_list = []
number_ActiveAgents = 0
for agent in self.schedule.agent_buffer(shuffled=False):
if isinstance(agent,
ActiveAgent): # considering only policy makers
selected_PC_list.append(agent.selected_PC)
number_ActiveAgents += 1
# finding the most common policy core issue and its frequency
d = defaultdict(int)
for i in selected_PC_list:
d[i] += 1
result = max(d.items(), key=lambda x: x[1])
agenda_PC_temp = result[0]
agenda_PC_temp_frequency = result[1]
# checking for majority
if agenda_PC_temp_frequency > int(number_ActiveAgents / 2):
self.agenda_PC = agenda_PC_temp
self.policy_formulation_run = True # allowing for policy formulation to happen
print("The agenda consists of PC", self.agenda_PC, ".")
else: # if no majority
self.policy_formulation_run = False
print("No agenda was formed, moving to the next step.")
# for purposes of not changing the entire code - the policy family selected is set at 0 so all policy instruments
# are always considered in the rest of the model
self.agenda_PF = 0
def policy_formulation(self):
'''
In the policy formulation step, the policy maker agents first select their policy core issue of preference and then
they select the policy that is to be implemented if there is a majority of them.
'''
# calculation of policy instruments preferences
selected_PI_list = []
number_PMs = 0
for agent in self.schedule.agent_buffer(shuffled=False):
if isinstance(
agent, ActiveAgent
) and agent.agent_type == 'policymaker': # considering only policy makers
agent.selection_S()
agent.selection_PI(
) # individual agent policy instrument selection
selected_PI_list.append(
agent.selected_PI
) # appending the policy instruments selected to a list for all PMs
number_PMs += 1
# finding the most common policy instrument and its frequency
d = defaultdict(int)
for i in selected_PI_list:
d[i] += 1
result = max(d.items(), key=lambda x: x[1])
self.policy_implemented_number = result[0]
policy_implemented_number_frequency = result[1]
# check for the majority and implemented if satisfied
if policy_implemented_number_frequency > int(number_PMs / 2):
print("The policy selected is policy instrument ",
self.policy_implemented_number, ".")
policy_implemented = self.policy_instruments[
self.policy_implemented_number]
else: # if no majority
print("No consensus on a policy instrument.")
policy_implemented = self.policy_instruments[
-1] # selecting status quo policy instrument
return policy_implemented
def preference_update(self, agent, who):
'''
This function is used to call the preference update functions of the issues of the active agents.
'''
self.preference_update_DC(agent,
who) # deep core issue preference update
self.preference_update_PC(agent,
who) # policy core issue preference update
self.preference_update_S(agent, who) #
def preference_update_DC(self, agent, who):
"""
This function is used to update the preferences of the deep core issues of agents in their
respective issue trees.
agent - this is the owner of the issue tree
who - this is the part of the issuetree that is considered - agent.unique_id should be used for this -
this is done to also include partial knowledge preference calculation
"""
len_DC = self.len_DC
# calculation of the denominator
PC_denominator = 0
for h in range(len_DC):
issue_belief = agent.issuetree[who][h][0]
issue_goal = agent.issuetree[who][h][1]
gap = issue_goal - issue_belief
if issue_goal is not None and issue_belief is not None:
PC_denominator += abs(gap)
# selection of the numerator and calculation of the preference
for i in range(len_DC):
issue_belief = agent.issuetree[who][i][0]
issue_goal = agent.issuetree[who][i][1]
gap = issue_goal - issue_belief
if PC_denominator != 0: # make sure the denominator is not 0
agent.issuetree[who][i][2] = abs(gap) / PC_denominator
else:
agent.issuetree[who][i][2] = 0
def preference_update_PC(self, agent, who):
"""
This function is used to update the preferences of the policy core issues of agents in their
respective issue trees.
agent - this is the owner of the belief tree
who - this is the part of the issuetree that is considered - agent.unique_id should be used for this -
this is done to also include partial knowledge preference calculation
"""
len_DC = self.len_DC
len_PC = self.len_PC
len_S = self.len_S
PC_denominator = 0
# calculation of the denominator
for j in range(
len_PC): # selecting the causal relations starting from PC
for k in range(len_DC):
cr = agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + len_PC + len_S + j +
(k * len_PC)][0]
issue_belief = agent.issuetree[who][k][0]
issue_goal = agent.issuetree[who][k][1]
gap = issue_goal - issue_belief
if issue_goal is not None and issue_belief is not None and cr is not None \
and ((cr < 0 and gap < 0) or (cr > 0 and gap > 0)):
# contingency for partial knowledge issues and check if cr and belief-goal are same sign
PC_denominator = PC_denominator + abs(cr * gap)
# addition of the gaps of the associated mid-level issues
for i in range(len_PC):
issue_belief = agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + i][0]
issue_goal = agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + i][1]
gap = issue_goal - issue_belief
if issue_goal is not None and issue_belief is not None: # contingency for partial knowledge issues
PC_denominator += abs(gap)
# calculation the numerator and the preference
for j in range(len_PC): # select one by one the PC
# calculation of the right side of the numerator
PC_numerator = 0
for k in range(
len_DC): # selecting the causal relations starting from DC
issue_belief = agent.issuetree[who][k][0]
issue_goal = agent.issuetree[who][k][1]
cr = agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + len_PC + len_S + j +
(k * len_PC)][0]
gap = issue_goal - issue_belief
if issue_goal is not None and issue_belief is not None and cr is not None \
and ((cr < 0 and gap < 0) or (cr > 0 and gap > 0)):
# contingency for partial knowledge issues and check if cr and belief-goal are same sign
PC_numerator += abs(cr * gap)
# addition of the gap to the numerator
issue_belief = agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + j][0]
issue_goal = agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + j][1]
gap = issue_goal - issue_belief
if issue_goal is not None and issue_belief is not None: # contingency for partial knowledge issues
PC_numerator += abs(gap)
# calculation of the preferences
if PC_denominator != 0:
agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + j][2] = round(
PC_numerator / PC_denominator, 3)
else:
agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + j][2] = 0
def preference_update_S(self, agent, who):
"""
This function is used to update the preferences of secondary issues the agents in their
respective issue trees.
agent - this is the owner of the belief tree
who - this is the part of the issuetree that is considered - agent.unique_id should be used for this -
this is done to also include partial knowledge preference calculation
"""
len_DC = self.len_DC
len_PC = self.len_PC
len_S = self.len_S
S_denominator = 0
# calculation of the denominator
for j in range(len_S):
for k in range(
len_PC): # selecting the causal relations starting from S
issue_belief = agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + k][0]
issue_goal = agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + k][1]
cr = agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + len_PC + len_S +
len_DC * len_PC + j + (k * len_S)][0]
gap = issue_goal - issue_belief
if issue_goal is not None and issue_belief is not None and cr is not None \
and ((cr < 0 and gap < 0) or (cr > 0 and gap > 0)):
# contingency for partial knowledge issues and check if cr and belief-goal are same sign
S_denominator += abs(cr * gap)
# addition of the gaps of the associated secondary issues
for j in range(len_S):
issue_belief = agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + len_PC + j][0]
issue_goal = agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + len_PC + j][1]
gap = issue_goal - issue_belief
if issue_goal is not None and issue_belief is not None: # contingency for partial knowledge issues
S_denominator += abs(gap)
# calculation the numerator and the preference
for j in range(len_S): # select one by one the S
# calculation of the right side of the numerator
S_numerator = 0
for k in range(
len_PC): # selecting the causal relations starting from PC
# Contingency for partial knowledge issues
cr = agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + len_PC + len_S +
len_DC * len_PC + j + (k * len_S)][0]
issue_belief = agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + k][0]
issue_goal = agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + k][1]
gap = issue_goal - issue_belief
if issue_goal is not None and issue_belief is not None and cr is not None \
and ((cr < 0 and gap < 0) or (cr > 0 and gap > 0)):
# contingency for partial knowledge issues and check if cr and gap are same sign
S_numerator += abs(cr * gap)
# addition of the gap to the numerator
issue_belief = agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + len_PC + j][0]
issue_goal = agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + len_PC + j][1]
gap = issue_goal - issue_belief
if issue_goal is not None and issue_belief is not None: # contingency for partial knowledge issues
S_numerator += abs(gap)
# calculation of the preferences
if S_denominator != 0:
agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + len_PC + j][2] = round(
S_numerator / S_denominator, 3)
else:
agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + len_PC + j][2] = 0
def electorate_influence(self, w_el_influence):
'''
This function calls the influence actions in the electorate agent class.
'''
for agent in self.schedule.agent_buffer(shuffled=True):
if isinstance(agent, ElectorateAgent):
agent.electorate_influence(w_el_influence)
class PolicyEmergenceSM(Model):
'''
Simplest Model for the policy emergence model.
'''
def __init__(self,
PE_type,
SM_inputs,
AplusPL_inputs,
AplusCo_inputs,
AplusPK_inputs,
height=20,
width=20,
input_LHS=False):
self.height = height # height of the canvas
self.width = width # width of the canvas
self.SM_inputs = SM_inputs # inputs for the entire model
self.PE_type = PE_type # model type (SM, A+PL, A+Co, A+PK, A+PI)
self.resources_aff = SM_inputs[2] # resources per affiliation agent
self.stepCount = 0 # int - [-] - initialisation of step counter
self.agenda_PC = None # initialisation of agenda policy core issue tracker
self.policy_implemented_number = None # initialisation of policy number tracker
self.policy_formulation_run = False # check value for running policy formulation
self.w_el_influence = self.SM_inputs[
5] # float - [-] - electorate influence weight constant
# batchrunner inputs
self.input_LHS = input_LHS
# ACF+PL parameters
if 'A+PL' in self.PE_type or 'A+Co' in self.PE_type:
self.conflict_level = AplusPL_inputs[0]
self.resources_spend_incr_agents = AplusPL_inputs[1]
# ACF+Co parameters
if 'A+Co' in self.PE_type:
self.PC_interest = AplusCo_inputs[0]
if self.input_LHS:
self.coa_creation_thresh = self.input_LHS[1] # LHS inputs
self.coa_resources_share = self.input_LHS[0] # LHS inputs
else:
self.coa_creation_thresh = AplusCo_inputs[1]
self.coa_resources_share = AplusCo_inputs[3]
self.coa_coherence_thresh = AplusCo_inputs[2]
self.resources_spend_incr_coal = AplusCo_inputs[4]
print('res. share:', round(self.coa_resources_share, 3),
', coa. threshold:', round(self.coa_creation_thresh, 3))
self.coalition_list = []
# +PK parameters
self.PK = False
if '+PK' in self.PE_type:
self.PK = True
self.PK_catchup = AplusPK_inputs[0]
self.schedule = RandomActivation(self) # mesa random activation method
self.grid = SingleGrid(height, width,
torus=True) # mesa grid creation method
# creation of the datacollector vector
if 'A+Co' in self.PE_type:
self.datacollector = DataCollector(
# Model-level variables
model_reporters={
"step": "stepCount",
"AS_PF": get_problem_policy_chosen,
"agent_attributes": get_agents_attributes,
"coalitions_attributes": get_coalitions_attributes,
"electorate_attributes": get_electorate_attributes
},
# Agent-level variables
agent_reporters={
"x":
lambda a: a.pos[0],
"y":
lambda a: a.pos[1],
"Agent type":
lambda a: type(a),
"Issuetree":
lambda a: getattr(a, 'issuetree', [None])[
a.unique_id
if isinstance(a, ActiveAgent) and not isinstance(
a, Coalition) else 0]
})
else:
self.datacollector = DataCollector(
# Model-level variables
model_reporters={
"step": "stepCount",
"AS_PF": get_problem_policy_chosen,
"agent_attributes": get_agents_attributes,
"electorate_attributes": get_electorate_attributes
},
# Agent-level variables
agent_reporters={
"x":
lambda a: a.pos[0],
"y":
lambda a: a.pos[1],
"Agent type":
lambda a: type(a),
"Issuetree":
lambda a: getattr(a, 'issuetree', [None])[
a.unique_id if isinstance(a, ActiveAgent) else 0]
})
self.len_S, self.len_PC, self.len_DC, self.len_CR = belief_tree_input(
) # setting up belief tree
self.policy_instruments, self.len_ins, self.PF_indices = policy_instrument_input(
) # setting up policy instruments
init_active_agents(self, self.len_S, self.len_PC, self.len_DC,
self.len_CR, self.len_PC, self.len_ins,
self.SM_inputs) # setting up active agents
init_electorate_agents(self, self.len_S, self.len_PC, self.len_DC,
self.SM_inputs) # setting up passive agents
init_truth_agent(self, self.len_S, self.len_PC, self.len_DC,
self.len_ins) # setting up truth agent
self.running = True
self.numberOfAgents = self.schedule.get_agent_count()
self.datacollector.collect(self)
def step(self, KPIs):
'''
Main steps of the Simplest Model for policy emergence:
0. Module interface - Input
1. Agenda setting step
2. Policy formulation step
3. Data collection
'''
self.KPIs = KPIs # saving the indicators
# 0. initialisation
self.module_interface_input(
self.KPIs) # communicating the beliefs (indicators)
self.electorate_influence(
self.w_el_influence) # electorate influence actions
if 'A+Co' in self.PE_type:
self.coalition_creation_algorithm()
# 1. agenda setting
self.agenda_setting()
# 2. policy formulation
if self.policy_formulation_run:
policy_implemented = self.policy_formulation()
else:
policy_implemented = self.policy_instruments[-1]
# 3. data collection
self.stepCount += 1 # iterate the steps counter
self.datacollector.collect(self) # collect data
print("Step ends", "\n")
return policy_implemented
def module_interface_input(self, KPIs):
'''
The module interface input step consists of actions related to the module interface and the policy emergence model
'''
len_DC = self.len_DC
len_PC = self.len_PC
len_S = self.len_S
len_ins = self.len_ins
# saving the issue tree of the truth agent
for agent in self.schedule.agent_buffer(shuffled=True):
if isinstance(agent, TruthAgent):
agent.issuetree_truth = KPIs
truth_issuetree = agent.issuetree_truth
truth_policytree = agent.policytree_truth
# Transferring policy impact to active agents
for agent in self.schedule.agent_buffer(shuffled=True):
if isinstance(agent, ActiveAgent) and not isinstance(
agent, Coalition): # selecting only active agents
# for PFj in range(len_PC): # communicating the policy family likelihoods
# for PFij in range(len_PC):
# agent.policytree[agent.unique_id][PFj][PFij] = truth_policytree[PFj][PFij]
for insj in range(
len_ins
): # communicating the policy instruments impacts
agent.policytree[agent.unique_id][
len_PC + insj][0:len_S] = truth_policytree[len_PC +
insj]
for issue in range(
len_DC + len_PC + len_S
): # communicating the issue beliefs from the KPIs
agent.issuetree[
agent.unique_id][issue][0] = truth_issuetree[issue]
self.preference_update(
agent, agent.unique_id) # updating the preferences
def resources_distribution(self):
if 'A+PL' in self.PE_type or 'A+Co' in self.PE_type:
for agent in self.schedule.agent_buffer(shuffled=False):
if isinstance(agent,
ActiveAgent): # selecting only active agents
if agent.affiliation == 0: # affiliation 0
agent.resources = 0.01 * self.number_activeagents * self.resources_aff[
0] / 100
if agent.affiliation == 1: # affiliation 1
agent.resources = 0.01 * self.number_activeagents * self.resources_aff[
1] / 100
agent.resources_action = agent.resources # assigning resources for the actions for both
if 'A+Co' in self.PE_type: # attribution of the resources to coalitions
for coalition in self.schedule.agent_buffer(shuffled=False):
if isinstance(coalition, Coalition):
resources = 0
for agent_mem in coalition.members:
resources += agent_mem.resources * self.coa_resources_share
agent_mem.resources -= self.coa_resources_share * agent_mem.resources
agent.resources_action = agent.resources # assigning resources for the actions for both
coalition.resources = resources
coalition.resources_action = coalition.resources # assigning resources for the actions for both
def agenda_setting(self):
'''
In the agenda setting step, the active agents first select their policy core issue of preference and then select
the agenda.
'''
# resources distribution
self.resources_distribution()
# active agent policy core selection
for agent in self.schedule.agent_buffer(shuffled=False):
if isinstance(agent, ActiveAgent): # selecting only active agents
agent.selection_PC()
if 'A+Co' in self.PE_type:
for coalition in self.schedule.agent_buffer(shuffled=True):
if isinstance(coalition,
Coalition): # selecting only coalitions
coalition.interactions_intra_coalition(
'AS') # intra-coalition interactions
# active agent interactions (including coalitions)
if 'A+PL' in self.PE_type or 'A+Co' in self.PE_type:
for agent in self.schedule.agent_buffer(shuffled=True):
if isinstance(agent,
ActiveAgent): # selecting only active agents
agent.interactions('AS', self.PK)
# active agent policy core selection (after agent interactions)
if 'A+PL' in self.PE_type or 'A+Co' in self.PE_type:
# active agent policy core selection
for agent in self.schedule.agent_buffer(shuffled=False):
if isinstance(agent,
ActiveAgent): # selecting only active agents
agent.selection_PC()
# for each agent, selection of their preferred policy core issue
selected_PC_list = []
number_ActiveAgents = 0
for agent in self.schedule.agent_buffer(shuffled=False):
if isinstance(agent,
ActiveAgent): # considering only policy makers
selected_PC_list.append(agent.selected_PC)
number_ActiveAgents += 1
# finding the most common policy core issue and its frequency
d = defaultdict(int)
for i in selected_PC_list:
d[i] += 1
result = max(d.items(), key=lambda x: x[1])
agenda_PC_temp = result[0]
agenda_PC_temp_frequency = result[1]
# checking for majority
if agenda_PC_temp_frequency > int(number_ActiveAgents / 2):
self.agenda_PC = agenda_PC_temp
self.policy_formulation_run = True # allowing for policy formulation to happen
print("The agenda consists of PC", self.agenda_PC, ".")
else: # if no majority
self.policy_formulation_run = False
print("No agenda was formed, moving to the next step.")
# for purposes of not changing the entire code - the policy family selected is set at 0 so all policy instruments
# are always considered in the rest of the model
self.agenda_PF = 0
def policy_formulation(self):
'''
In the policy formulation step, the policy maker agents first select their policy core issue of preference and then
they select the policy that is to be implemented if there is a majority of them.
'''
# resources distribution
self.resources_distribution()
# calculation of policy instruments preferences
if 'A+PL' in self.PE_type or 'A+Co' in self.PE_type:
for agent in self.schedule.agent_buffer(shuffled=False):
if isinstance(agent, ActiveAgent):
agent.selection_S()
agent.selection_PI(
) # individual agent policy instrument selection
if 'A+Co' in self.PE_type:
for coalition in self.schedule.agent_buffer(shuffled=True):
if isinstance(coalition,
Coalition): # selecting only active agents
# print('selected_PC', agent.selected_PC)
coalition.interactions_intra_coalition('PF')
# coalition.interactions('PF')
# active agent interactions
if 'A+PL' in self.PE_type or 'A+Co' in self.PE_type:
for agent in self.schedule.agent_buffer(shuffled=True):
if isinstance(agent,
ActiveAgent): # selecting only active agents
agent.interactions('PF', self.PK)
# calculation of policy instruments preferences
selected_PI_list = []
number_PMs = 0
for agent in self.schedule.agent_buffer(shuffled=False):
if isinstance(
agent, ActiveAgent
) and agent.agent_type == 'policymaker': # considering only policy makers
agent.selection_S()
agent.selection_PI(
) # individual agent policy instrument selection
selected_PI_list.append(
agent.selected_PI
) # appending the policy instruments selected to a list for all PMs
number_PMs += 1
# finding the most common policy instrument and its frequency
d = defaultdict(int)
print(selected_PI_list)
for i in selected_PI_list:
d[i] += 1
result = max(d.items(), key=lambda x: x[1])
self.policy_implemented_number = result[0]
policy_implemented_number_frequency = result[1]
# check for the majority and implemented if satisfied
if policy_implemented_number_frequency > int(number_PMs / 2):
print("The policy selected is policy instrument ",
self.policy_implemented_number, ".")
policy_implemented = self.policy_instruments[
self.policy_implemented_number]
else: # if no majority
print("No consensus on a policy instrument.")
policy_implemented = self.policy_instruments[
-1] # selecting status quo policy instrument
return policy_implemented
def preference_update(self, agent, who, coalition_check=False):
'''
This function is used to call the preference update functions of the issues of the active agents.
'''
if coalition_check:
who = self.number_activeagents
self.preference_update_DC(agent,
who) # deep core issue preference update
self.preference_update_PC(agent,
who) # policy core issue preference update
self.preference_update_S(agent, who) #
def preference_update_DC(self, agent, who):
"""
This function is used to update the preferences of the deep core issues of agents in their
respective issue trees.
agent - this is the owner of the issue tree
who - this is the part of the issuetree that is considered - agent.unique_id should be used for this -
this is done to also include partial knowledge preference calculation
"""
len_DC = self.len_DC
# calculation of the denominator
PC_denominator = 0
for h in range(len_DC):
issue_belief = agent.issuetree[who][h][0]
issue_goal = agent.issuetree[who][h][1]
gap = issue_goal - issue_belief
if issue_goal is not None and issue_belief is not None:
PC_denominator += abs(gap)
# selection of the numerator and calculation of the preference
for i in range(len_DC):
issue_belief = agent.issuetree[who][i][0]
issue_goal = agent.issuetree[who][i][1]
gap = issue_goal - issue_belief
if PC_denominator != 0: # make sure the denominator is not 0
agent.issuetree[who][i][2] = abs(gap) / PC_denominator
else:
agent.issuetree[who][i][2] = 0
def preference_update_PC(self, agent, who):
"""
This function is used to update the preferences of the policy core issues of agents in their
respective issue trees.
agent - this is the owner of the belief tree
who - this is the part of the issuetree that is considered - agent.unique_id should be used for this -
this is done to also include partial knowledge preference calculation
"""
len_DC = self.len_DC
len_PC = self.len_PC
len_S = self.len_S
PC_denominator = 0
# calculation of the denominator
for j in range(
len_PC): # selecting the causal relations starting from PC
for k in range(len_DC):
cr = agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + len_PC + len_S + j +
(k * len_PC)][0]
issue_belief = agent.issuetree[who][k][0]
issue_goal = agent.issuetree[who][k][1]
gap = issue_goal - issue_belief
if issue_goal is not None and issue_belief is not None and cr is not None \
and ((cr < 0 and gap < 0) or (cr > 0 and gap > 0)):
# contingency for partial knowledge issues and check if cr and belief-goal are same sign
PC_denominator = PC_denominator + abs(cr * gap)
# addition of the gaps of the associated mid-level issues
for i in range(len_PC):
issue_belief = agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + i][0]
issue_goal = agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + i][1]
gap = issue_goal - issue_belief
if issue_goal is not None and issue_belief is not None: # contingency for partial knowledge issues
PC_denominator += abs(gap)
# calculation the numerator and the preference
for j in range(len_PC): # select one by one the PC
# calculation of the right side of the numerator
PC_numerator = 0
for k in range(
len_DC): # selecting the causal relations starting from DC
issue_belief = agent.issuetree[who][k][0]
issue_goal = agent.issuetree[who][k][1]
cr = agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + len_PC + len_S + j +
(k * len_PC)][0]
gap = issue_goal - issue_belief
if issue_goal is not None and issue_belief is not None and cr is not None \
and ((cr < 0 and gap < 0) or (cr > 0 and gap > 0)):
# contingency for partial knowledge issues and check if cr and belief-goal are same sign
PC_numerator += abs(cr * gap)
# addition of the gap to the numerator
issue_belief = agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + j][0]
issue_goal = agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + j][1]
gap = issue_goal - issue_belief
if issue_goal is not None and issue_belief is not None: # contingency for partial knowledge issues
PC_numerator += abs(gap)
# calculation of the preferences
if PC_denominator != 0:
agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + j][2] = round(
PC_numerator / PC_denominator, 3)
else:
agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + j][2] = 0
def preference_update_S(self, agent, who):
"""
This function is used to update the preferences of secondary issues the agents in their
respective issue trees.
agent - this is the owner of the belief tree
who - this is the part of the issuetree that is considered - agent.unique_id should be used for this -
this is done to also include partial knowledge preference calculation
"""
len_DC = self.len_DC
len_PC = self.len_PC
len_S = self.len_S
S_denominator = 0
# calculation of the denominator
for j in range(len_S):
for k in range(
len_PC): # selecting the causal relations starting from S
issue_belief = agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + k][0]
issue_goal = agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + k][1]
cr = agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + len_PC + len_S +
len_DC * len_PC + j + (k * len_S)][0]
gap = issue_goal - issue_belief
if issue_goal is not None and issue_belief is not None and cr is not None \
and ((cr < 0 and gap < 0) or (cr > 0 and gap > 0)):
# contingency for partial knowledge issues and check if cr and belief-goal are same sign
S_denominator += abs(cr * gap)
# addition of the gaps of the associated secondary issues
for j in range(len_S):
issue_belief = agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + len_PC + j][0]
issue_goal = agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + len_PC + j][1]
# print(issue_goal, type(issue_goal), type(issue_belief))
gap = issue_goal - issue_belief
if issue_goal is not None and issue_belief is not None: # contingency for partial knowledge issues
S_denominator += abs(gap)
# calculation the numerator and the preference
for j in range(len_S): # select one by one the S
# calculation of the right side of the numerator
S_numerator = 0
for k in range(
len_PC): # selecting the causal relations starting from PC
# Contingency for partial knowledge issues
cr = agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + len_PC + len_S +
len_DC * len_PC + j + (k * len_S)][0]
issue_belief = agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + k][0]
issue_goal = agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + k][1]
gap = issue_goal - issue_belief
if issue_goal is not None and issue_belief is not None and cr is not None \
and ((cr < 0 and gap < 0) or (cr > 0 and gap > 0)):
# contingency for partial knowledge issues and check if cr and gap are same sign
S_numerator += abs(cr * gap)
# addition of the gap to the numerator
issue_belief = agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + len_PC + j][0]
issue_goal = agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + len_PC + j][1]
gap = issue_goal - issue_belief
if issue_goal is not None and issue_belief is not None: # contingency for partial knowledge issues
S_numerator += abs(gap)
# calculation of the preferences
if S_denominator != 0:
agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + len_PC + j][2] = round(
S_numerator / S_denominator, 3)
else:
agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + len_PC + j][2] = 0
def electorate_influence(self, w_el_influence):
'''
This function calls the influence actions in the electorate agent class.
'''
for agent in self.schedule.agent_buffer(shuffled=True):
if isinstance(agent, ElectorateAgent):
agent.electorate_influence(w_el_influence)
def coalition_creation_algorithm(self):
'''
Function that is used to reset the coalitions at the beginning of each round
A maximum of two coalitions are allowed. The agents have to be within a certain threshold of their goals to be
assembled together.
Note that the preferred states only are considered and not the actual beliefs of the actors - this could be a
problem when considering the partial information case.
:return:
'''
# resetting the coalitions before the creation of new ones
for coalition in self.schedule.agent_buffer(shuffled=False):
if isinstance(coalition, Coalition):
self.schedule.remove(coalition)
# saving the agents in a list with their belief values
list_agents_1 = [] # active agent list
for agent in self.schedule.agent_buffer(shuffled=False):
if isinstance(agent, ActiveAgent):
list_agents_1.append(
(agent,
agent.issuetree[agent.unique_id][self.len_DC +
self.PC_interest][1]))
list_agents_1.sort(
key=lambda x: x[1]) # sorting the list based on the goals
# checking for groups for first coalition
list_coalition_number = []
for i in range(len(list_agents_1)):
count = 0
for j in range(len(list_agents_1)):
if list_agents_1[i][
1] - self.coa_creation_thresh <= list_agents_1[j][
1] <= list_agents_1[i][
1] + self.coa_creation_thresh:
count += 1
list_coalition_number.append(count)
index = list_coalition_number.index(
max(list_coalition_number
)) # finding the grouping with the most member index
list_coalition_members = []
list_agents_2 = copy.copy(list_agents_1)
for i in range(len(list_agents_1)):
if list_agents_1[index][
1] - self.coa_creation_thresh <= list_agents_1[i][
1] <= list_agents_1[index][
1] + self.coa_creation_thresh:
list_coalition_members.append(list_agents_1[i][0])
list_agents_2.remove(list_agents_1[i])
self.coalition_creation(
1001, list_coalition_members
) # creating the coalition with the selected members
if len(list_agents_2) > 2: #check if there are enough agents left:
# checking for groups for second coalition
list_coalition_number = []
for i in range(len(list_agents_2)):
count = 0
for j in range(len(list_agents_2)):
if list_agents_2[i][
1] - self.coa_creation_thresh <= list_agents_2[j][
1] <= list_agents_2[i][
1] + self.coa_creation_thresh:
count += 1
list_coalition_number.append(count)
index = list_coalition_number.index(
max(list_coalition_number
)) # finding the grouping with the most member index
list_coalition_members = []
for i in range(len(list_agents_2)):
if list_agents_2[index][
1] - self.coa_creation_thresh <= list_agents_2[i][
1] <= list_agents_2[index][
1] + self.coa_creation_thresh:
list_coalition_members.append(list_agents_2[i][0])
self.coalition_creation(
1002, list_coalition_members
) # creating the coalition with selected members
def coalition_creation(self, unique_id, members):
'''
Function that is used to create the object Coalition which is a sub-agent of the ActiveAgent class
:param unique_id:
:param members:
:return:
'''
x = 0
y = 0
resources = 0 # resources are reset to 0
len_DC = self.len_DC
len_PC = self.len_PC
len_S = self.len_S
len_CR = self.len_CR
len_PF = self.len_PC
len_ins = self.len_ins
issuetree_coal = [None] # creation of the issue tree
issuetree_coal[0] = issuetree_creation(
len_DC, len_PC, len_S, len_CR) # using the newly made function
for r in range(
self.number_activeagents
): # last spot is where the coalition beliefs are stored
issuetree_coal.append(
issuetree_creation(len_DC, len_PC, len_S, len_CR))
policytree_coal = [None] # creation of the policy tree
policytree_coal[0] = members[0].policytree[members[0].unique_id]
for r in range(self.number_activeagents):
policytree_coal.append(members[0].policytree[members[0].unique_id])
# note that the policy tree is simply copied ... this will not work in the case of partial information where a different
# algorithm will need to be found for this part of the model
# creation of the coalition agent
agent = Coalition((x, y), unique_id, self, 'coalition', resources, 'X',
issuetree_coal, policytree_coal, members)
self.coalition_belief_update(agent, members)
self.preference_update(agent, unique_id,
True) # updating the issue tree preferences
self.grid.position_agent(agent, (x, y))
self.schedule.add(agent)
def coalition_belief_update(self, coalition, members):
'''
Function that is used to update the beliefs of the coalition to an average of the agents members of this said
coalition.
:param coalition:
:param members:
:return:
'''
len_DC = self.len_DC
len_PC = self.len_PC
len_S = self.len_S
len_CR = self.len_CR
for k in range(
len_DC + len_PC +
len_S): # updating the preferred states and actual beliefs
belief = 0
goal = 0
for agent_mem in members:
id = agent_mem.unique_id
belief += agent_mem.issuetree[id][k][0]
goal += agent_mem.issuetree[id][k][1]
coalition.issuetree[
self.number_activeagents][k][0] = belief / len(members)
coalition.issuetree[
self.number_activeagents][k][1] = goal / len(members)
for k in range(len_CR): # updating the causal relations
CR = 0
for agent_mem in members:
id = agent_mem.unique_id
CR += agent_mem.issuetree[id][len_DC + len_PC + len_S + k][0]
coalition.issuetree[self.number_activeagents][
len_DC + len_PC + len_S + k][0] = CR / len(members)
if self.PK: # for the partial knowledge
for agent in self.schedule.agent_buffer(shuffled=False):
if agent not in members and isinstance(
agent,
ActiveAgent) and not isinstance(agent, Coalition):
id = agent.unique_id
for k in range(len_DC + len_PC +
len_S): # updating the preferred states
goal = 0
for agent_mem in members:
goal += agent_mem.issuetree[id][k][1]
coalition.issuetree[id][k][1] = goal / len(members)
for k in range(len_CR): # updating the causal relations
CR = 0
for agent_mem in members:
CR += agent_mem.issuetree[id][len_DC + len_PC +
len_S + k][0]
coalition.issuetree[id][len_DC + len_PC + len_S +
k][0] = CR / len(members)
class LenExtended(Model):
def __init__(self, num_hh, num_cmp, household_parameters, company_parameters, network_density):
self.num_hh = num_hh
self.num_cmp = num_cmp
self.current_day = 0
self.hh_schedule = RandomActivation(self)
self.cmp_schedule = RandomActivation(self)
self.social_network = nx.barabasi_albert_graph(num_hh, network_density)
for i in range(self.num_cmp):
c = Company(i, self, company_parameters)
self.cmp_schedule.add(c)
for i in range(self.num_hh):
h = Householder(i, self, household_parameters)
self.hh_schedule.add(h)
# Datacollector
self.datacollector = DataCollector(
# Household parameters
{"hh_wealth": lambda m: [x.wealth for x in self.hh_schedule.agent_buffer()],
"hh_wage": lambda m: [x.wage for x in self.hh_schedule.agent_buffer()],
"consumption": lambda m: h.consumption,
"companies": lambda m: h.companies,
"company": lambda m: [x.company for x in self.hh_schedule.agent_buffer()],
# "wage_decreasing_coefficient": lambda m: h.wage_decreasing_coefficient,
# "critical_price_ratio": lambda m: h.critical_price_ratio,
# "consumption_power": lambda m: h.consumption_power,
# "unemployed_attempts": lambda m: h.unemployed_attempts,
# "search_job_chance": lambda m: h.search_job_chance,
# "prob_search_price": lambda m: h.prob_search_price,
# "prob_search_prod": lambda m: h.prob_search_prod,
# "a_connections_number": lambda m: h.a_connections_number,
# Company parameters
"C_wealth": lambda m: c.wealth,
"C_wage": lambda m: c.wage,
"price": lambda m: [x.price for x in self.cmp_schedule.agent_buffer()],
"looking_for_worker": lambda m: c.looking_for_worker,
# "full_workplaces": lambda m: c.full_workplaces,
# "workers_in_previous_month": lambda m: c.workers_in_previous_month,
"demand": lambda m: c.demand,
# "demand_min_coefficient": lambda m: c.demand_min_coefficient,
# "demand_max_coefficient": lambda m: c.demand_max_coefficient,
"inventory": lambda m: [x.inventory for x in self.cmp_schedule.agent_buffer()],
# "sigma": lambda m: c.sigma,
"gamma": lambda m: c.gamma,
# "phi_min": lambda m: c.phi_min,
# "phi_max": lambda m: c.phi_max,
# "tau": lambda m: c.tau,
# "upsilon": lambda m: c.upsilon,
"lambda_coefficient": lambda m: c.lambda_coefficient,
# "money_buffer_coefficient": lambda m: c.money_buffer_coefficient,
"households": lambda m: [len(x.households) for x in self.cmp_schedule.agent_buffer()],
"marketing_investments": lambda m: [x.marketing_investments for x in self.cmp_schedule.agent_buffer()],
"marketing_boost": lambda m: c.marketing_boost})
def step(self):
self.cmp_schedule.step()
self.hh_schedule.step()
if self.current_day % 10 == 0:
self.datacollector.collect(self)
self.current_day += 1
class Schelling(Model):
'''
Model class for the SM coupled to the Schelling segregation model.
This class has been modified from the original mesa Schelling model.
'''
def __init__(self, height=20, width=20, density=0.8, minority_pc=0.2, homophilyType0=0.5, homophilyType1=0.5, movementQuota=0.30, happyCheckRadius=5, moveCheckRadius=10, last_move_quota=5):
'''
'''
self.height = height
self.width = width
self.density = density
self.minority_pc = minority_pc
self.homophilyType0 = homophilyType0
self.homophilyType1 = homophilyType1
self.movementQuota = movementQuota
self.happyCheckRadius = happyCheckRadius
self.moveCheckRadius = moveCheckRadius
self.last_move_quota = last_move_quota
self.schedule = RandomActivation(self)
self.grid = SingleGrid(height, width, torus=True)
self.happy = 0
self.happytype0 = 0
self.happytype1 = 0
self.stepCount = 0
self.evenness = 0
self.empty = 0
self.type0agents = 0
self.type1agents = 0
self.movement = 0
self.movementtype0 = 0
self.movementtype1 = 0
self.movementQuotaCount = 0
self.numberOfAgents = 0
self.datacollector = DataCollector(
# Model-level count of happy agents
{"step": "stepCount", "happy": "happy", "happytype0": "happytype0", "happytype1": "happytype1", "movement": "movement", "movementtype0": "movementtype0", "movementtype1": "movementtype1","evenness": "evenness", "numberOfAgents": "numberOfAgents", "homophilyType0": "homophilyType0", "homophilyType1": "homophilyType1", "movementQuota": "movementQuota", "happyCheckRadius": "happyCheckRadius", "last_move_quota": "last_move_quota"},
# For testing purposes, agent's individual x and y
{"x": lambda a: a.pos[0], "y": lambda a: a.pos[1], "Agent type": lambda a:a.type})
# , "z": lambda a:a.type
# Set up agents
# We use a grid iterator that returns
# the coordinates of a cell as well as
# its contents. (coord_iter)
for cell in self.grid.coord_iter():
x = cell[1]
y = cell[2]
if self.random.random() < self.density:
if self.random.random() < self.minority_pc:
agent_type = 1
else:
agent_type = 0
last_move = round(self.random.random()*10) # randomly assign a value from 0 to 10
agent = SchellingAgent((x, y), self, agent_type, last_move)
self.grid.position_agent(agent, (x, y))
self.schedule.add(agent)
# print("Schedule: ", len(self.schedule.agents))
self.running = True
self.numberOfAgents = self.schedule.get_agent_count()
self.datacollector.collect(self)
def step(self, policy):
'''
Run one step of the model. If All agents are happy, halt the model.
Note on the eveness paramater calculation:
It cannot be performed in the step function of the agents as then it would not take consider periods of time during which the agents are still moving, making the parameter calculation inaccurate.
'''
self.happy = 0 # Reset counter of happy agents
self.happytype0 = 0 # Reset counter of happy type 0 agents
self.happytype1 = 0 # Reset counter of happy type 1 agents
self.empty = 0 # Reset counter of empty cells
self.type0agents = 0 # Reset count of type 0 agents
self.type1agents = 0 # Reset count of type 1 agents
self.movementQuotaCount = 0 # Reset count of the movement quota
self.movement = 0 # Reset counter of movement of agents
self.movementtype0 = 0 # Reset counter of movement of type 0 agents
self.movementtype1 = 0 # Reset counter of movement of type 1 agents
# introduction of the selected policy in the Schelling model
# happy check vision changes
if policy[0] != None and self.happyCheckRadius<15 and self.happyCheckRadius>1:
self.happyCheckRadius += policy[0]
# movement quota changes
if policy[1] != None and self.movementQuota<1 and self.movementQuota>0.05:
self.movementQuota += policy[1]
# last movement threshold
if policy[2] != None and self.last_move_quota<50 and self.last_move_quota>0:
self.last_move_quota += policy[2]
# type 0 preference
if policy[3] != None and self.homophilyType0<1 and self.homophilyType0>0:
self.homophilyType0 += policy[3]
# type 1 preference
if policy[4] != None and self.homophilyType1<1 and self.homophilyType1>0:
self.homophilyType1 += policy[4]
# run the step for the agents
self.schedule.step()
# print(self.movementQuotaCount, " agents moved.")
# print(round(self.happy/self.schedule.get_agent_count() * 100,2), "percent are happy agents.")
# calculating empty counter
self.empty = (self.height*self.width) - self.schedule.get_agent_count()
# calculating type 0 and type 1 agent numbers
for agent in self.schedule.agent_buffer(shuffled=True):
# print(agent.type)
if agent.type == 0:
self.type0agents += 1
if agent.type == 1:
self.type1agents += 1
# calculation of evenness (segregation parameter) using Haw (2015).
self.evenness_calculation()
# iterate the steps counter
self.stepCount += 1
# collect data
self.datacollector.collect(self)
# checking the datacollector
# if self.stepCount % 2 == 0:
# print(self.datacollector.get_model_vars_dataframe())
# print(self.datacollector.get_agent_vars_dataframe())
if self.happy == self.schedule.get_agent_count():
self.running = False
print("All agents are happy, the simulation ends!")
output_KPIs = [self.evenness, self.movement, self.happy, self.movementtype0, self.movementtype1, self.happytype0, self.happytype1]
return output_KPIs, self.type0agents, self.type1agents
def evenness_calculation(self):
'''
To calculate the evenness parameter, one needs to first subdivide the grid into areas of more than one square each. The evenness will be then calculated based on the distribution of type 0 and type 1 agents in each of these areas.
The division into area needs to be done carefully as it depends on the inputs within the model (width and height of the grid).
'''
# check for a square grid
if self.height != self.width:
self.running = False
print("WARNING - The grid is not a square, please insert the same width and height")
# reset the evenness parameter
self.evenness = 0
# algorithm to calculate evenness
n = 4 # number of big areas considered in width and height
if self.height % n == 0:
# consider all big areas
for big_dy in range(n):
for big_dx in range(n):
# looking within one big areas, going through all cells
listAgents = []
for small_dy in range(int(self.height/n)):
for small_dx in range(int(self.height/n)):
for agents in self.schedule.agent_buffer(shuffled=True):
if agents.pos == (self.height/n * big_dx + small_dx, self.height/n * big_dy + small_dy):
listAgents.append(agents)
# calculating evenness for each big area
countType0agents = 0 # Reset of the type counter for type 0 agents
countType1agents = 0 # Reset of the type counter for type 1 agents
# checking the type of agents in the big area
for agents in listAgents:
if agents.type == 0:
countType0agents += 1
if agents.type == 1:
countType1agents += 1
self.evenness += 0.5 * abs((countType0agents/self.type0agents) - (countType1agents/self.type1agents))
# print("evenness :", round(self.evenness,2))
class BoltzmannWealthModel(Model):
"""A simple model of an economy where agents exchange currency at random.
All the agents begin with one unit of currency, and each time step can give
a unit of currency to another agent. Note how, over time, this produces a
highly skewed distribution of wealth.
"""
def __init__(self, N, width, height):
self.num_agents = N
self.width = width
self.height = height
self.grid = MultiGrid(height, width, False) #non toroidal grid
self.schedule = RandomActivation(self)
self.datacollector = DataCollector(
model_reporters={"Coverage": compute_coverage},
agent_reporters={"Wealth": "wealth"})
# Create agents
self.coveredArea = []
self.interactionCount = 0
self.interactionRateAverage = 0
self.coveragePercentage = 0
self.coveragePercentageAverage = 0
areaNum = ceil(sqrt(self.num_agents))
areaDistx = self.width / (sqrt(self.num_agents))
areaDistx = floor(areaDistx)
areaDisty = self.height / (sqrt(self.num_agents))
areaDisty = floor(areaDisty)
self.dtx = areaDistx
self.dty = areaDisty
for i in range(self.num_agents):
xlow = (i % areaNum) * areaDistx
xup = xlow + areaDistx - 1
ylow = floor(i / areaNum) * areaDisty
yup = ylow + areaDisty - 1
x = floor((xlow + xup) / 2) + 1
y = floor((ylow + yup) / 2) + 1
xlow = x - 1
xup = x + 1
ylow = y - 1
yup = y + 1
a = MoneyAgent(i, self, xup, xlow, yup, ylow)
self.schedule.add(a)
#place agent at the center of its limit coor
self.grid.place_agent(a, (x, y))
# Add the agent to a random grid cell
self.running = True
self.datacollector.collect(self)
def step(self):
print(self.schedule.steps)
self.interactionCount = 0
self.schedule.step()
# collect data
self.datacollector.collect(self)
with open('reportRandomStride.csv', 'a') as reportFile:
coverage = compute_coverage(self)
percentage = ceil(
10000 * coverage / self.width / self.height) / 100
interactionRate = self.interactionCount / self.num_agents / (
self.num_agents - 1)
#number of interaction/possible interaction /2 for double counting
interactionRate = ceil(10000 * interactionRate) / 100
self.interactionRateAverage = (
self.interactionRateAverage * (self.schedule.steps - 1) +
interactionRate) / self.schedule.steps
self.interactionRateAverage = ceil(
100 * self.interactionRateAverage) / 100
self.coveragePercentageAverage = (self.coveragePercentageAverage *
(self.schedule.steps - 1) +
percentage) / self.schedule.steps
self.coveragePercentageAverage = ceil(
100 * self.coveragePercentageAverage) / 100
rewriter = csv.writer(reportFile,
delimiter=' ',
quotechar='"',
quoting=csv.QUOTE_MINIMAL)
rewriter.writerow([
"step:", self.schedule.steps, "InteractionRate:",
interactionRate, '%', "AvgInteractionRate",
self.interactionRateAverage, '%', "Coverage:", coverage,
percentage, '%', self.coveragePercentageAverage, '%'
])
def run_model(self, n):
for i in range(n):
self.step()
# print(self.schedule.steps)
def initPos(self):
for agent in self.schedule.agent_buffer():
for i in self.schedule.agent_buffer():
if i != agent:
# print ("Heldddlo")
# divisor = ((i.pos[0]-agent.pos[0])**2+(i.pos[1]-agent.pos[1])**2)
divisor = ((i.pos[0] - agent.pos[0]) +
(i.pos[1] - agent.pos[1]))
agent.forcex += (agent.pos[0] - i.pos[0]) / divisor
agent.forcey += (agent.pos[1] - i.pos[1]) / divisor
#virtual force from boundary
lx = self.dtx / 2 - agent.pos[0]
ly = self.dty / 2 - agent.pos[1]
ux = self.dtx / 2 - (self.width - agent.pos[0])
uy = self.dty / 2 - (self.height - agent.pos[1])
# =============================================================================
# agent.forcex += (np.heaviside(lx,0)/(lx**2) - np.heaviside(ux,0)/(ux**2))
#
# agent.forcey += (np.heaviside(ly,0)/(ly**2) - np.heaviside(uy,0)/(uy**2))
# =============================================================================
agent.forcex += (np.heaviside(lx, 0) / (lx) - np.heaviside(ux, 0) /
(ux))
agent.forcey += (np.heaviside(ly, 0) / (ly) - np.heaviside(uy, 0) /
(uy))
for agent in self.model.schedule.agent_buffer():
vx = agent.forcex / np.linalg.norm(agent.force)
vy = agent.forcey / np.linalg.norm(agent.force)
apx = agent.pos[0]
apy = agent.pos[1]
if abs(vx) > 0.5:
apx += vx // abs(vx)
if abs(vy) > 0.5:
apy += vy // abs(vy)
self.grid.place_agent(agent, (apx, apy))
class PolicyEmergenceSM(Model):
'''
Simplest Model for the policy emergence model.
'''
def __init__(self, SM_inputs, height=20, width=20):
self.height = height
self.width = width
self.SM_inputs = SM_inputs
self.stepCount = 0
self.agenda_PC = None
self.agenda_PF = None
self.policy_implemented = None
self.policy_implemented_number = None
self.policy_formulation_run = False # True if an agenda is found
self.schedule = RandomActivation(self)
self.grid = SingleGrid(height, width, torus=True)
# creation of the datacollector vector
self.datacollector = DataCollector(
# Model-level variables
model_reporters = {
"step": "stepCount",
"AS_PF": get_problem_policy_chosen,
"agent_attributes": get_agents_attributes},
# Agent-level variables
agent_reporters = {
"x": lambda a: a.pos[0],
"y": lambda a: a.pos[1],
"Agent type": lambda a:type(a),
"Issuetree": lambda a: getattr(a, 'issuetree', [None])[a.unique_id if isinstance(a, ActiveAgent) else 0]}
)
# , "agenda_PC":"agenda_PC", "agenda_PF":"agenda_PF", "policy_implemented": "policy_implemented"
# "x": lambda a: a.pos[0], "y": lambda a: a.pos[1]
# "z": lambda a:a.issuetree
# belief tree properties
self.len_S, self.len_PC, self.len_DC, self.len_CR = issue_tree_input(self)
# print(self.len_S, self.len_PC, self.len_DC, self.len_CR)
# issue tree properties
self.policy_instruments, self.len_ins_1, self.len_ins_2, self.len_ins_all, self.PF_indices = policy_instrument_input(self, self.len_PC)
# Set up active agents
init_active_agents(self, self.len_S, self.len_PC, self.len_DC, self.len_CR, self.len_PC, self.len_ins_1, self.len_ins_2, self.len_ins_all, self.SM_inputs)
# Set up passive agents
init_electorate_agents(self, self.len_S, self.len_PC, self.len_DC, self.SM_inputs)
# Set up truth agent
init_truth_agent(self, self.len_S, self.len_PC, self.len_DC, self.len_ins_1, self.len_ins_2, self.len_ins_all)
# the issue tree will need to be updated at a later stage witht he values from the system/policy context
# print("Schedule has : ", len(self.schedule.agents), " agents.")
# print(self.schedule.agents)
# print(" ")
# for agent in self.schedule.agent_buffer(shuffled=False):
# print(' ')
# print(agent)
# print(type(agent))
# if isinstance(agent, ActiveAgent):
# print(agent.unique_id, " ", agent.pos, " ", agent.agent_type, " ", agent.resources, " ", agent.affiliation, " ", agent.issuetree[agent.unique_id], " ", agent.policytree[agent.unique_id][0])
# if isinstance(agent, ElectorateAgent):
# print(agent.unique_id, " ", agent.pos, " ", agent.affiliation, " ", agent.issuetree)
# if isinstance(agent, TruthAgent):
# print(agent.pos, " ", agent.issuetree)
self.running = True
self.numberOfAgents = self.schedule.get_agent_count()
self.datacollector.collect(self)
def step(self, KPIs):
print(" ")
print("Step +1 - Policy emergence model")
print("Step count: ", self.stepCount)
'''
Main steps of the Simplest Model for policy emergence:
0. Module interface - Input
Obtention of the beliefs from the system/policy context
!! This is to be implemented at a later stage
1. Agenda setting step
2. Policy formulation step
3. Module interface - Output
Implementation of the policy instrument selected
'''
# saving the attributes
self.KPIs = KPIs
# 0.
self.module_interface_input(self.KPIs)
'''
TO DO:
- Introduce the transfer of information between the external parties and the truth agent relates to the policy impacts
'''
# 1.
self.agenda_setting()
# 2.
if self.policy_formulation_run:
self.policy_formulation()
else:
self.policy_implemented = self.policy_instruments[-1]
# 3.
# self.module_interface_output()
# end of step actions:
# iterate the steps counter
self.stepCount += 1
# collect data
self.datacollector.collect(self)
print("step ends")
print(" ")
# print(self.datacollector.get_agent_vars_dataframe())
print(self.datacollector.get_model_vars_dataframe())
return self.policy_implemented
def module_interface_input(self, KPIs):
'''
The module interface input step consists of actions related to the module interface and the policy emergence model
Missing:
- Electorate actions
'''
# selection of the Truth agent policy tree and issue tree
for agent in self.schedule.agent_buffer(shuffled=True):
if isinstance(agent, TruthAgent):
truth_policytree = agent.policytree_truth
for issue in range(self.len_DC+self.len_PC+self.len_S):
agent.issuetree_truth[issue] = KPIs[issue]
truth_issuetree = agent.issuetree_truth
# Transferring policy impact to active agents
for agent in self.schedule.agent_buffer(shuffled=True):
if isinstance(agent, ActiveAgent):
# replacing the policy family likelihoods
for PFj in range(self.len_PC):
for PFij in range(self.len_PC):
agent.policytree[agent.unique_id][PFj][PFij] = truth_policytree[PFj][PFij]
# replacing the policy instruments impacts
for insj in range(self.len_ins_1 + self.len_ins_2 + self.len_ins_all):
agent.policytree[agent.unique_id][self.len_PC+insj][0:self.len_S] = truth_policytree[self.len_PC+insj]
# replacing the issue beliefs from the KPIs
for issue in range(self.len_DC+self.len_PC+self.len_S):
agent.issuetree[agent.unique_id][issue][0] = truth_issuetree[issue]
self.preference_update(agent, agent.unique_id)
def agenda_setting(self):
'''
The agenda setting step is the first step in the policy process conceptualised in this model. The steps are given as follows:
1. Active agents policy core issue selection
2. Active agents policy family selection
3. Active agents actions [to be detailed later]
4. Active agents policy core issue selection update
5. Active agents policy family selection update
6. Agenda selection
'''
# 1. & 2.
for agent in self.schedule.agent_buffer(shuffled=False):
if isinstance(agent, ActiveAgent): # considering only active agents
agent.selection_PC()
agent.selection_PF()
# print("PC and PF selected for agent", agent.unique_id, ": ", agent.selected_PC, agent.selected_PF)
# 3.
# 4. & 5.
for agent in self.schedule.agent_buffer(shuffled=False):
if isinstance(agent, ActiveAgent): # considering only active agents
agent.selection_PC()
agent.selection_PF()
# 6.
# All active agents considered
selected_PC_list = []
selected_PF_list = []
number_ActiveAgents = 0
for agent in self.schedule.agent_buffer(shuffled=False):
if isinstance(agent, ActiveAgent): # considering only policy makers
selected_PC_list.append(agent.selected_PC)
selected_PF_list.append(agent.selected_PF)
number_ActiveAgents += 1
# finding the most common policy core issue and its frequency
d = defaultdict(int)
for i in selected_PC_list:
d[i] += 1
result = max(d.items(), key=lambda x: x[1])
agenda_PC_temp = result[0]
agenda_PC_temp_frequency = result[1]
# finding the most common policy family issue and its frequency
d = defaultdict(int)
for i in selected_PF_list:
d[i] += 1
result = max(d.items(), key=lambda x: x[1])
agenda_PF_temp = result[0]
agenda_PF_temp_frequency = result[1]
# checking for majority
if agenda_PC_temp_frequency > int(number_ActiveAgents/2) and agenda_PF_temp_frequency > int(number_ActiveAgents/2):
self.agenda_PC = agenda_PC_temp
self.agenda_PF = agenda_PF_temp
self.policy_formulation_run = True
print("The agenda consists of PC", self.agenda_PC, " and PF", self.agenda_PF, ".")
else:
self.policy_formulation_run = False
print("No agenda was formed, moving to the next step.")
def policy_formulation(self):
'''
The policy formulation step is the second step in the policy process conceptualised in this model. The steps are given as follows:
0. Detailing of policy instruments that can be considered
1. Active agents deep core issue selection
2. Active agents policy instrument selection
3. Active agents actions [to be detailed later]
4. Active agents policy instrument selection update
5. Policy instrument selection
NOTE: THIS CODE DOESNT CONSIDER MAJORITY WHEN MORE THAN THREE POLICY MAKERS ARE INCLUDED, IT CONSIDERS THE MAXIMUM. THIS NEEDS TO BE ADAPTED TO CONSIDER 50% OR MORE!
'''
print("Policy formulation being introduced")
# 0.
possible_PI = self.PF_indices[self.agenda_PF]
# 1. & 2.
for agent in self.schedule.agent_buffer(shuffled=False):
if isinstance(agent, ActiveAgent): # considering only active agents
agent.selection_S()
agent.selection_PI()
# 3.
# 4. & 5.
for agent in self.schedule.agent_buffer(shuffled=False):
if isinstance(agent, ActiveAgent): # considering only active agents
agent.selection_PI()
# 6.
# Only policy makers considered
selected_PI_list = []
number_PMs = 0
for agent in self.schedule.agent_buffer(shuffled=False):
if isinstance(agent, ActiveAgent) and agent.agent_type == 'policymaker': # considering only policy makers
selected_PI_list.append(agent.selected_PI)
number_PMs += 1
# finding the most common secondary issue and its frequency
d = defaultdict(int)
for i in selected_PI_list:
d[i] += 1
result = max(d.items(), key=lambda x: x[1])
self.policy_implemented_number = result[0]
policy_implemented_number_frequency = result[1]
# check for the majority and implemented if satisfied
if policy_implemented_number_frequency > int(number_PMs/2):
print("The policy instrument selected is policy instrument ", self.policy_implemented_number, ".")
self.policy_implemented = self.policy_instruments[self.policy_implemented_number]
else:
print("No consensus on a policy instrument.")
self.policy_implemented = self.policy_instruments[-1] # selecting last policy instrument which is the no instrument policy instrument
def module_interface_output(self):
print("Module interface output not introduced yet")
def preference_update(self, agent, who):
self.preference_update_DC(agent, who)
self.preference_update_PC(agent, who)
self.preference_update_S(agent, who)
def preference_update_DC(self, agent, who):
"""
The preference update function (DC)
===========================
This function is used to update the preferences of the deep core issues of agents in their
respective belief trees.
agent - this is the owner of the belief tree
who - this is the part of the belieftree that is considered - agent.unique_id should be used for this - this is done to also include partial knowledge preference calculation
"""
len_DC = self.len_DC
len_PC = self.len_PC
len_S = self.len_S
#####
# 1.5.1. Preference calculation for the deep core issues
# 1.5.1.1. Calculation of the denominator
PC_denominator = 0
for h in range(len_DC):
if agent.issuetree[who][h][1] == None or agent.issuetree[who][h][0] == None:
PC_denominator = 0
else:
PC_denominator = PC_denominator + abs(agent.issuetree[who][h][1] - agent.issuetree[who][h][0])
# print('The denominator is given by: ' + str(PC_denominator))
# 1.5.1.2. Selection of the numerator and calculation of the preference
for i in range(len_DC):
# There are rare occasions where the denominator could be 0
if PC_denominator != 0:
agent.issuetree[who][i][2] = abs(agent.issuetree[who][i][1] - agent.issuetree[who][i][0]) / PC_denominator
else:
agent.issuetree[who][i][2] = 0
def preference_update_PC(self, agent, who):
"""
The preference update function (PC)
===========================
This function is used to update the preferences of the policy core issues of agents in their
respective belief trees.
agent - this is the owner of the belief tree
who - this is the part of the belieftree that is considered - agent.unique_id should be used for this - this is done to also include partial knowledge preference calculation
"""
len_DC = self.len_DC
len_PC = self.len_PC
len_S = self.len_S
#####
# 1.5.2 Preference calculation for the policy core issues
PC_denominator = 0
# 1.5.2.1. Calculation of the denominator
for j in range(len_PC):
# print('Selection PC' + str(j+1))
# print('State of the PC' + str(j+1) + ': ' + str(agent.issuetree[0][len_DC + j][0])) # the state printed
# Selecting the causal relations starting from PC
for k in range(len_DC):
# Contingency for partial knowledge issues
if agent.issuetree[who][k][1] == None or agent.issuetree[who][k][0] == None or agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+len_PC+len_S+j+(k*len_PC)][0] == None:
PC_denominator += 0
else:
# print('Causal Relation PC' + str(j+1) + ' - PC' + str(k+1) + ': ' + str(agent.issuetree[0][len_DC+len_PC+len_S+j+(k*len_PC)][1]))
# print('Gap of PC' + str(k+1) + ': ' + str((agent.issuetree[0][k][1] - agent.issuetree[0][k][0])))
# Check if causal relation and gap are both positive of both negative
# print('agent.issuetree[' + str(who) + '][' + str(len_DC+len_PC+len_S+j+(k*len_PC)) + '][0]: ' + str(agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+len_PC+len_S+j+(k*len_PC)][0]))
if (agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+len_PC+len_S+j+(k*len_PC)][0] < 0 and (agent.issuetree[who][k][1] - agent.issuetree[who][k][0]) < 0) or (agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+len_PC+len_S+j+(k*len_PC)][0] > 0 and (agent.issuetree[who][k][1] - agent.issuetree[who][k][0]) > 0):
PC_denominator = PC_denominator + abs(agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+len_PC+len_S+j+(k*len_PC)][0]*(agent.issuetree[who][k][1] - agent.issuetree[who][k][0]))
# print('This is the PC numerator: ' + str(PC_denominator))
else:
PC_denominator = PC_denominator
# 1.5.2.2. Addition of the gaps of the associated mid-level issues
for i in range(len_PC):
# Contingency for partial knowledge issues
if agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + i][1] == None or agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + i][0] == None:
PC_denominator = PC_denominator
else:
# print('This is the gap for the PC' + str(i+1) + ': ' + str(agent.issuetree[0][len_DC + i][1] - agent.issuetree[0][len_DC + i][0]))
PC_denominator += abs(agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + i][1] - agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + i][0])
# print('This is the S denominator: ' + str(PC_denominator))
# 1.5.2.3 Calculation the numerator and the preference
# Select one by one the PC
for j in range(len_PC):
# 1.5.2.3.1. Calculation of the right side of the numerator
PC_numerator = 0
# print('Selection PC' + str(j+1))
# print('State of the PC' + str(j+1) + ': ' + str(agent.issuetree[0][len_DC + j][0])) # the state printed
# Selecting the causal relations starting from DC
for k in range(len_DC):
# Contingency for partial knowledge issues
if agent.issuetree[who][k][1] == None or agent.issuetree[who][k][0] == None or agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+len_PC+len_S+j+(k*len_PC)][0] == None:
PC_numerator += 0
else:
# print('Causal Relation PC' + str(j+1) + ' - DC' + str(k+1) + ': ' + str(agent.issuetree[0][len_DC+len_PC+len_S+j+(k*len_PC)][1]))
# print('Gap of DC' + str(k+1) + ': ' + str((agent.issuetree[0][k][1] - agent.issuetree[0][k][0])))
# Check if causal relation and gap are both positive of both negative
if (agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+len_PC+len_S+j+(k*len_PC)][0] < 0 and (agent.issuetree[who][k][1] - agent.issuetree[who][k][0]) < 0) or (agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+len_PC+len_S+j+(k*len_PC)][0] > 0 and (agent.issuetree[who][k][1] - agent.issuetree[who][k][0]) > 0):
PC_numerator = PC_numerator + abs(agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+len_PC+len_S+j+(k*len_PC)][0]*(agent.issuetree[who][k][1] - agent.issuetree[who][k][0]))
# print('This is the PC numerator: ' + str(PC_numerator))
else:
PC_numerator = PC_numerator
# 1.5.2.3.2. Addition of the gap to the numerator
# Contingency for partial knowledge issues
if agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + j][1] == None or agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + j][0] == None:
PC_numerator += 0
else:
# print('This is the gap for the PC' + str(j+1) + ': ' + str(agent.issuetree[0][len_DC + j][1] - agent.issuetree[0][len_DC + j][0]))
PC_numerator += abs(agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + j][1] - agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + j][0])
# print('The numerator is equal to: ' + str(PC_numerator))
# print('The denominator is equal to: ' + str(PC_denominator))
# 1.5.2.3.3. Calculation of the preference
if PC_denominator != 0:
agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+j][2] = round(PC_numerator/PC_denominator,3)
# print('The new preference of the policy core PC' + str(j+1) + ' is: ' + str(agent.issuetree[0][len_DC+j][2]))
else:
agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+j][2] = 0
def preference_update_S(self, agent, who):
"""
The preference update function (S)
===========================
This function is used to update the preferences of secondary issues the agents in their
respective belief trees.
agent - this is the owner of the belief tree
who - this is the part of the belieftree that is considered - agent.unique_id should be used for this - this is done to also include partial knowledge preference calculation
"""
len_DC = self.len_DC
len_PC = self.len_PC
len_S = self.len_S
#####
# 1.5.3 Preference calculation for the secondary issues
S_denominator = 0
# 1.5.2.1. Calculation of the denominator
for j in range(len_S):
# print('Selection S' + str(j+1))
# print('State of the S' + str(j+1) + ': ' + str(agent.issuetree[0][len_DC + len_PC + j][0])) # the state printed
# Selecting the causal relations starting from S
for k in range(len_PC):
# Contingency for partial knowledge issues
if agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + k][1] == None or agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + k][0] == None or agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+len_PC+len_S+len_DC*len_PC+j+(k*len_S)][0] == None:
S_denominator += 0
else:
# print('Causal Relation S' + str(j+1) + ' - PC' + str(k+1) + ': ' + str(agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+len_PC+len_S+len_DC*len_PC+j+(k*len_S)][0]))
# print('Gap of PC' + str(k+1) + ': ' + str((agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+k][1] - agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+k][0])))
# Check if causal relation and gap are both positive of both negative
# print('agent.issuetree[' + str(who) + '][' + str(len_DC+len_PC+len_S+len_DC*len_PC+j+(k*len_S)) + '][0]: ' + str(agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+len_PC+len_S+len_DC*len_PC+j+(k*len_S)][0]))
if (agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+len_PC+len_S+len_DC*len_PC+j+(k*len_S)][0] < 0 and (agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+k][1] - agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+k][0]) < 0) or (agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+len_PC+len_S+len_DC*len_PC+j+(k*len_S)][0] > 0 and (agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+k][1] - agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+k][0]) > 0):
S_denominator += abs(agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+len_PC+len_S+len_DC*len_PC+j+(k*len_S)][0]*(agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+k][1] - agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+k][0]))
# print('This is the PC numerator: ' + str(S_denominator))
else:
S_denominator = S_denominator
# 1.5.2.2. Addition of the gaps of the associated secondary issues
for j in range(len_S):
# Contingency for partial knowledge issues
if agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+len_PC+j][1] == None or agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+len_PC+j][0] == None:
S_denominator = S_denominator
else:
# print('This is the gap for the PC' + str(i+1) + ': ' + str(agent.issuetree[0][len_DC + len_PC + i][1] - agent.issuetree[0][len_DC + len_PC + i][0]))
S_denominator += abs(agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+len_PC+j][1] - agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+len_PC+j][0])
# print('This is the PC denominator: ' + str(S_denominator))
# 1.5.2.3 Calculation the numerator and the preference
# Select one by one the S
for j in range(len_S):
# 1.5.2.3.1. Calculation of the right side of the numerator
S_numerator = 0
# print('Selection S' + str(j+1))
# print('State of the S' + str(j+1) + ': ' + str(agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + len_PC + j][0])) # the state printed
# Selecting the causal relations starting from PC
for k in range(len_PC):
# Contingency for partial knowledge issues
if agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + k][1] == None or agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + k][0] == None or agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+len_PC+len_S+len_DC*len_PC+j+(k*len_S)][0] == None:
S_numerator = 0
else:
# print('Causal Relation S' + str(j+1) + ' - PC' + str(k+1) + ': ' + str(agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+len_PC+len_S+len_DC*len_PC+j+(k*len_S)][0]))
# print('Gap of PC' + str(k+1) + ': ' + str((agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + k][1] - agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + k][0])))
# Check if causal relation and gap are both positive of both negative
if (agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+len_PC+len_S+len_DC*len_PC+j+(k*len_S)][0] < 0 and (agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+k][1] - agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+k][0]) < 0) or (agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+len_PC+len_S+len_DC*len_PC+j+(k*len_S)][0] > 0 and (agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+k][1] - agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+k][0]) > 0):
S_numerator += abs(agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+len_PC+len_S+len_DC*len_PC+j+(k*len_S)][0]*(agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+k][1] - agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+k][0]))
# print('This is the PC numerator: ' + str(S_numerator))
else:
S_numerator = S_numerator
# 1.5.2.3.2. Addition of the gap to the numerator
# Contingency for partial knowledge issues
if agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+len_PC+j][1] == None or agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+len_PC+j][0] == None:
S_numerator += 0
else:
# print('This is the gap for the PC' + str(j+1) + ': ' + str(agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+len_PC+j][1] - agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+len_PC+j][0]))
S_numerator += abs(agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+len_PC+j][1] - agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+len_PC+j][0])
# print('The numerator is equal to: ' + str(S_numerator))
# print('The denominator is equal to: ' + str(S_denominator))
# 1.5.2.3.3. Calculation of the preference
if S_denominator != 0:
agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+len_PC+j][2] = round(S_numerator/S_denominator,3)
# print('The new preference of the policy core PC' + str(j+1) + ' is: ' + str(agent.issuetree[0][len_DC+j][2]))
else:
agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+len_PC+j][2] = 0
class BattleModel(Model):
"""A model with some number of agents."""
def __init__(self, red_col, red_row, red_squad, blue_col, blue_row,
blue_squad, blue_agents_elite_squad, red_movement,
blue_movement, width, height):
self.running = True
self.space = ContinuousSpace(width, height, False)
self.schedule = RandomActivation(self)
self.next_agent_id = 1
self.RED_MOVEMENT_SPEED = red_movement
self.BLUE_MOVEMENT_SPEED = blue_movement
separation_y = 1.5
# Find center
red_first_y = ((height / 2 -
(red_squad * red_row / 2 * separation_y)) +
separation_y / 2) - ((red_squad - 1) * separation_y * 2)
blue_first_y = (
(height / 2 - (blue_squad * blue_row / 2 * separation_y)) +
separation_y / 2) - ((blue_squad - 1) * separation_y * 2)
# Create agents
self.spawner(15.0, red_first_y, 1.5, separation_y, red_col, red_row,
red_squad, 0, 'red')
self.spawner(width - 15.0, blue_first_y, -1.5, separation_y, blue_col,
blue_row, blue_squad, blue_agents_elite_squad, 'blue')
def spawner(self, first_x, first_y, separation_x, separation_y, cols, rows,
squad, elite_squad, type):
for i in range(cols):
for j in range(rows * squad):
x = first_x + (separation_x * i)
y = first_y + (separation_y * j)
# Squad separator
y = y + (4 * separation_y) * (floor(j / rows))
casual = squad - elite_squad
if casual < 0:
casual = 0
elite = True
if casual > 0:
if squad - 1 == floor(j / rows):
elite = False
if casual > 1:
if floor(j / rows) == 0:
elite = False
if casual > 2:
if squad - 2 == floor(j / rows):
elite = False
if casual > 3:
if floor(j / rows) == 1:
elite = False
if casual == 5:
elite = False
self.spawn(x, y, type, elite)
def spawn(self, x, y, type, elite):
if (type == 'red'):
a = warrior_agent.RedWarrior(self.next_agent_id, self)
elif (elite == True):
a = warrior_agent.BlueEliteWarrior(self.next_agent_id, self)
else:
a = warrior_agent.BlueCommonWarrior(self.next_agent_id, self)
pos = np.array((x, y))
self.schedule.add(a)
self.space.place_agent(a, pos)
self.next_agent_id += 1
def step(self):
self.schedule.step()
agents_and_allies_morale = []
for agent in self.schedule.agent_buffer(
False): #type: warrior_agent.WarriorAgent
agents_and_allies_morale.append(
(agent,
agent.get_average_morale_of_allies_in_flocking_radius()))
for (
agent, allies_morale
) in agents_and_allies_morale: #type: (warrior_agent.WarriorAgent, float)
agent.update_morale(agent.calculate_new_morale(allies_morale))
print("Żywych agentów: " + str(len(self.schedule.agents)))
class GTModel(Model):
def __init__(self, debug, size, i_n_agents, i_strategy, i_energy,
child_location, movement, k, T, M, p, d, strategies_to_count,
count_tolerance, mutation_type, death_threshold, n_groups):
self.grid = SingleGrid(size, size, torus=True)
self.schedule = RandomActivation(self)
self.running = True
self.debug = debug
self.size = size
self.agent_idx = 0
self.i_energy = i_energy
# Payoff matrix in the form (my_move, op_move) : my_reward
self.payoff = {
('C', 'C'): 2,
('C', 'D'): -3,
('D', 'C'): 3,
('D', 'D'): -1,
}
# Constant for max population control (cost of surviving)
self.k = k
# Constant for controlling dying of old age
self.M = M
# Minimum lifespan
self.T = T
# Minimum energy level to reproduce
self.p = p
# Mutation "amplitude"
self.d = d
# Whether to spawn children near parents or randomly
self.child_location = child_location
# Specify the type of movement allowed for the agents
self.movement = movement
# Specify how the agents mutate
self.mutation_type = mutation_type
# The minimum total_energy needed for an agent to survive
self.death_threshold = death_threshold
# Vars regarding which strategies to look for
self.strategies_to_count = strategies_to_count
self.count_tolerance = count_tolerance
# Add agents (one agent per cell)
all_coords = [(x, y) for x in range(size) for y in range(size)]
agent_coords = self.random.sample(all_coords, i_n_agents)
for _ in range(i_n_agents):
group_idx = (None if n_groups is None else self.random.choice(
range(n_groups)))
agent = GTAgent(self.agent_idx, group_idx, self, i_strategy.copy(),
i_energy)
self.agent_idx += 1
self.schedule.add(agent)
self.grid.place_agent(agent, agent_coords.pop())
# Collect data
self.datacollector = DataCollector(
model_reporters={
**{
'strategies': get_strategies,
'n_agents': total_n_agents,
'avg_agent_age': avg_agent_age,
'n_friendlier': n_friendlier,
'n_aggressive': n_aggressive,
'perc_cooperative_actions': perc_cooperative_actions,
'n_neighbors': n_neighbor_measure,
'avg_delta_energy': avg_delta_energy,
'perc_CC': perc_CC_interactions,
'lin_fit_NC': coop_per_neig,
'lin_fit_NC_intc': coop_per_neig_intc,
},
**{
label: strategy_counter_factory(strategy, count_tolerance)
for label, strategy in strategies_to_count.items()
}
})
def alpha(self):
# Return the cost of surviving, alpha
DC = self.payoff[('D', 'C')]
CC = self.payoff[('C', 'C')]
N = len(self.schedule.agents)
return self.k + 4 * (DC + CC) * N / (self.size * self.size)
def time_to_die(self, agent):
# There is a chance every iteration to die of old age: (A - T) / M
# There is a 100% to die if the agents total energy reaches 0
return (agent.total_energy < self.death_threshold
or self.random.random() < (agent.age - self.T) / self.M)
def get_child_location(self, agent):
if self.child_location == 'global':
return self.random.choice(sorted(self.grid.empties))
elif self.child_location == 'local':
# Iterate over the radius, starting at 1 to find empty cells
for rad in range(1, int(self.size / 2)):
possible_steps = [
cell for cell in self.grid.get_neighborhood(
agent.pos,
moore=False,
include_center=False,
radius=rad,
) if self.grid.is_cell_empty(cell)
]
if possible_steps:
return self.random.choice(possible_steps)
# If no free cells in radius size/2 pick a random empty cell
return self.random.choice(sorted(self.grid.empties))
def maybe_mutate(self, agent):
# Mutate by adding a random d to individual Pi's
if self.mutation_type == 'stochastic':
# Copy the damn list
new_strategy = agent.strategy.copy()
# There is a 20% chance of mutation
if self.random.random() < 0.2:
# Each Pi is mutated uniformly by [-d, d]
for i in range(4):
mutation = self.random.uniform(-self.d, self.d)
new_val = new_strategy[i] + mutation
# Keep probabilities in [0, 1]
new_val = (0 if new_val < 0 else
1 if new_val > 1 else new_val)
new_strategy[i] = new_val
# Mutate by choosing a random strategy from the list set
elif self.mutation_type == 'fixed':
new_strategy = random.choice(
list(self.strategies_to_count.values()))
elif self.mutation_type == 'gaussian_sentimental':
# Copy the damn list
new_strategy = agent.strategy.copy()
# There is a 20% chance of mutation
if self.random.random() < 0.2:
# Each Pi is mutated by a value drawn from a gaussian
# with mean=delta_energy
for i in range(4):
mutation = self.random.normalvariate(
(agent.delta_energy + self.alpha()) / 14, self.d)
new_val = new_strategy[i] + mutation
# Keep probabilities in [0, 1]
new_val = (0 if new_val < 0 else
1 if new_val > 1 else new_val)
new_strategy[i] = new_val
return new_strategy
def maybe_reproduce(self, agent):
# If we have the energy to reproduce, do so
if agent.total_energy >= self.p:
# Create the child
new_strategy = self.maybe_mutate(agent)
child = GTAgent(self.agent_idx, agent.group_id, self, new_strategy,
self.i_energy)
self.agent_idx += 1
# Set parent and child energy levels to p/2
child.total_energy = self.p / 2
agent.total_energy = self.p / 2
# Place child (Remove agent argument for global child placement)
self.schedule.add(child)
self.grid.place_agent(child, self.get_child_location(agent))
def step(self):
if self.debug:
print('\n\n==================================================')
print('==================================================')
print('==================================================')
pprint(vars(self))
# First collect data
self.datacollector.collect(self)
# Then check for dead agents and for new agents
for agent in self.schedule.agent_buffer(shuffled=True):
# First check if dead
if self.time_to_die(agent):
self.grid.remove_agent(agent)
self.schedule.remove(agent)
# Otherwise check if can reproduce
else:
self.maybe_reproduce(agent)
# Finally, step each agent
self.schedule.step()
def check_strategy(self, agent):
# Helper function to check which strategy an agent would count as
def is_same(strategy, a_strategy):
tol = self.count_tolerance
return all(strategy[i] - tol < a_strategy[i] < strategy[i] + tol
for i in range(4))
return [
name for name, strat in self.strategies_to_count.items()
if is_same(strat, agent.strategy)
]
