class GeneticPDModel(Model):
description = 'A model which does nothing'
def __init__(self,
numagents=10,
verbose=False,
Q1_fixed_prob=False,
history_len2=False,
mutation_switch=False,
crossover_switch=False):
super().__init__()
# Set parameters
self.numagents = numagents
self.verbose = verbose
self.Q1_fixed_prob = Q1_fixed_prob
self.history_len2 = history_len2
self.mutation_switch = mutation_switch
self.crossover_switch = crossover_switch
# Build basic objects
self.schedule = RandomActivation(self)
self.datacollector = DataCollector(
{"Agents": lambda m: len(m.schedule.agents)})
# Create agents:
for i in range(self.numagents):
newagent = GeneticPDAgent(unique_id=self.next_id(), model=self)
self.schedule.add(newagent)
if self.verbose:
print("Agent " + str(newagent.unique_id) + " created")
def step(self):
if self.verbose:
print("Tick number:", self.schedule.time)
self.schedule.step()
# collect data
self.datacollector.collect(self)
def run_model(self, step_count=200):
if self.verbose:
print('Initial number agents: ', self.schedule.get_agent_count())
for i in range(step_count):
self.step()
if self.verbose:
print('')
print('Final number agents: ', self.schedule.get_agent_count())
class GeneticPDModel(Model):
description = 'A model which does nothing'
def __init__(self,
numagents=10,
verbose=False,
rounds_per_play=1,
history_length=2):
super().__init__()
# Set parameters
self.numagents = numagents
self.verbose = verbose
self.rounds_per_play = rounds_per_play
self.history_length = history_length
self.agents = []
# Build basic objects
self.schedule = RandomActivation(self)
self.datacollector = DataCollector(
model_reporters={"Agents": lambda m: len(m.schedule.agents)},
agent_reporters={"wealth": lambda a: a.wealth})
# Create agents:
for i in range(self.numagents):
newagent = GeneticPDAgent(unique_id=self.next_id(), model=self)
self.schedule.add(newagent)
self.agents.append(newagent)
def step(self):
if self.verbose:
print("Tick number:", self.schedule.time)
self.schedule.step()
# collect data
self.datacollector.collect(self)
def run_model(self, step_count=200):
if self.verbose:
print('Initial number agents: ', self.schedule.get_agent_count())
for i in range(step_count):
self.step()
if self.verbose:
print('')
print('Final number agents: ', self.schedule.get_agent_count())
def PDpayoff(self, my_action, your_action):
if my_action == "C" and your_action == "C":
return 3
if my_action == "C" and your_action == "D":
return 0
if my_action == "D" and your_action == "C":
return 4
if my_action == "D" and your_action == "D":
return 1
class CrossingModel(Model):
def __init__(self, ped_origin, ped_destination, road_length, road_width, vehicle_flow, epsilon, gamma, ped_speed, lam, alpha, a_rate):
self.schedule = RandomActivation(self)
self.running = True
self.nsteps = 0
# Create two crossing alternatives, one a zebra crossing and one mid block crossing
zebra_location = road_length * 0.75
zebra_type = 'zebra'
mid_block_type = 'unmarked'
zebra = CrossingAlternative(0, self, location = zebra_location, ctype = zebra_type, name = 'z1', vehicle_flow = vehicle_flow)
unmarked = CrossingAlternative(1, self, ctype = mid_block_type, name = 'mid1', vehicle_flow = vehicle_flow)
# Crossing alternatives with salience factors
crossing_altertives = np.array([unmarked,zebra])
i = 0
model_type = 'sampling'
self.ped = Ped(i, self, location = ped_origin, speed = ped_speed, destination = ped_destination, crossing_altertives = crossing_altertives, road_length = road_length, road_width = road_width, epsilon = epsilon, gamma = gamma, lam = lam, alpha = alpha, a_rate = a_rate, model_type = model_type)
self.schedule.add(self.ped)
self.datacollector = DataCollector(agent_reporters={"CrossingType": "chosenCAType"})
self.crossing_choice = None
self.choice_step = None
def step(self):
self.datacollector.collect(self)
self.schedule.step()
if self.schedule.get_agent_count() == 0:
self.running = False
self.nsteps += 1
class SchellingModel(Model):
'''
Model class for the Schelling segregation model.
'''
def __init__(self, height, width, density, minority_pc, homophily):
'''
'''
self.height = height
self.width = width
self.density = density
self.minority_pc = minority_pc
self.homophily = homophily
self.schedule = RandomActivation(self)
self.grid = Grid(height, width, torus=True)
self.happy = 0
self.datacollector = DataCollector(
{"happy": lambda m: m.happy}, # Model-level count of happy agents
# For testing purposes, agent's individual x and y
{"x": lambda a: a.x, "y": lambda a: a.y})
self.running = True
# Set up agents
for x in range(self.width):
for y in range(self.height):
if random.random() < self.density:
if random.random() < self.minority_pc:
agent_type = 1
else:
agent_type = 0
agent = SchellingAgent((x,y), x, y, agent_type)
self.grid[y][x] = agent
self.schedule.add(agent)
def get_empty(self):
'''
Get a list of coordinate tuples of currently-empty cells.
'''
empty_cells = []
for x in range(self.width):
for y in range(self.height):
if self.grid[y][x] is None:
empty_cells.append((x, y))
return empty_cells
def step(self):
'''
Run one step of the model. If All agents are happy, halt the model.
'''
self.happy = 0 # Reset counter of happy agents
self.schedule.step()
self.datacollector.collect(self)
if self.happy == self.schedule.get_agent_count():
self.running = False
class COVID_model(Model):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__(Model)
self.susceptible = 0
self.dead = 0
self.recovered = 0
self.infected = 0
interactions = model_params.parameters['interactions']
self.population = model_params.parameters['population']
self.SIR_instance = SIR.Infection(
self,
ptrans=model_params.parameters['ptrans'],
reinfection_rate=model_params.parameters['reinfection_rate'],
I0=model_params.parameters["I0"],
severe=model_params.parameters["severe"],
progression_period=model_params.parameters["progression_period"],
progression_sd=model_params.parameters["progression_sd"],
death_rate=model_params.parameters["death_rate"],
recovery_days=model_params.parameters["recovery_days"],
recovery_sd=model_params.parameters["recovery_sd"])
G = SIR.build_network(interactions, self.population)
self.grid = NetworkGrid(G)
self.schedule = RandomActivation(self)
self.dead_agents = []
self.running = True
for node in range(self.population):
new_agent = agent.human(node, self) #what was self.next_id()
self.grid.place_agent(new_agent, node)
self.schedule.add(new_agent)
#self.meme = 0
self.datacollector = DataCollector(
model_reporters={
"infected": lambda m: c_p.compute(m, 'infected'),
"recovered": lambda m: c_p.compute(m, 'recovered'),
"susceptible": lambda m: c_p.compute(m, "susceptible"),
"dead": lambda m: c_p.compute(m, "dead"),
"R0": lambda m: c_p.compute(m, "R0"),
"severe_cases": lambda m: c_p.compute(m, "severe")
})
self.datacollector.collect(self)
def step(self):
self.schedule.step()
self.datacollector.collect(self)
'''
for a in self.schedule.agents:
if a.alive == False:
self.schedule.remove(a)
self.dead_agents.append(a.unique_id)
'''
if self.dead == self.schedule.get_agent_count():
self.running = False
else:
self.running = True
class miModelo(Model):
def __init__(self, N, seed=None):
self.current_id = 0
self.running = True
# Definimos el schedule para hacer la ejecucion en orden aleatorio
self.schedule = RandomActivation(self)
#Definimos el grid de tamanio 10x10 y sin fronteras flexibles
self.grid = MultiGrid(10, 10, False)
for i in range(N):
a = miAgente(self.next_id(), self, 5)
self.schedule.add(a)
pos_x = self.random.randint(0, 9)
pos_y = self.random.randint(0, 9)
self.grid.place_agent(a, [pos_x, pos_y])
self.datacollector = DataCollector(model_reporters={
"Nagentes": contarAgentes,
"NumberTicks": getCurrentTick
})
def step(self):
self.schedule.step()
self.datacollector.collect(self)
# Paramos la simulacion cuando hay menos de dos agentes
if self.schedule.get_agent_count() < 2:
self.running = False
class propagation_model(Model):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__(Model)
density = model_params.parameters['density']
nodes = model_params.parameters['network_size']
neg_bias = model_params.parameters['neg_bias']
meme_density = model_params.parameters['meme_density']
self.num_agents = nodes
self.meme = 0
G = model_functions.build_network(density, nodes)
self.grid = NetworkGrid(G)
self.schedule = RandomActivation(self)
self.running = True
for node in range(nodes):
new_agent = agent.tweeter(self.next_id(), node, self, neg_bias, meme_density)
self.grid.place_agent(new_agent, node)
self.schedule.add(new_agent)
#self.meme = 0
self.datacollector = DataCollector(model_reporters={"meme_density": model_functions.compute_meme_density})
self.datacollector.collect(self)
def step(self):
self.schedule.step()
self.datacollector.collect(self)
if self.meme == self.schedule.get_agent_count():
self.running = False
class SchellingModel(Model):
'''
Model class for the Schelling segregation model.
'''
def __init__(self, height, width, density, minority_pc, homophily):
'''
'''
self.height = height
self.width = width
self.density = density
self.minority_pc = minority_pc
self.homophily = homophily
self.schedule = RandomActivation(self)
self.grid = SingleGrid(height, width, torus=True)
self.happy = 0
self.datacollector = DataCollector(
{"happy": "happy"}, # Model-level count of happy agents
# For testing purposes, agent's individual x and y
{
"x": lambda a: a.pos[0],
"y": lambda a: a.pos[1]
})
# Set up agents
# We use a grid iterator that returns
# the coordinates of a cell as well as
# its contents. (coord_iter)
for cell in self.grid.coord_iter():
x = cell[1]
y = cell[2]
if random.random() < self.density:
if random.random() < self.minority_pc:
agent_type = 1
else:
agent_type = 0
agent = SchellingAgent((x, y), self, agent_type)
self.grid.position_agent(agent, (x, y))
self.schedule.add(agent)
self.running = True
self.datacollector.collect(self)
def step(self):
'''
Run one step of the model. If All agents are happy, halt the model.
'''
self.happy = 0 # Reset counter of happy agents
self.schedule.step()
# collect data
self.datacollector.collect(self)
if self.happy == self.schedule.get_agent_count():
self.running = False
class Schelling(Model):
'''
Model class for the Schelling segregation model.
'''
def __init__(self, height=20, width=20, density=0.8, minority_pc=0.2, homophily=3):
'''
'''
self.height = height
self.width = width
self.density = density
self.minority_pc = minority_pc
self.homophily = homophily
self.schedule = RandomActivation(self)
self.grid = SingleGrid(height, width, torus=True)
self.happy = 0
self.datacollector = DataCollector(
{"happy": "happy"}, # Model-level count of happy agents
# For testing purposes, agent's individual x and y
{"x": lambda a: a.pos[0], "y": lambda a: a.pos[1]})
# Set up agents
# We use a grid iterator that returns
# the coordinates of a cell as well as
# its contents. (coord_iter)
for cell in self.grid.coord_iter():
x = cell[1]
y = cell[2]
if self.random.random() < self.density:
if self.random.random() < self.minority_pc:
agent_type = 1
else:
agent_type = 0
agent = SchellingAgent((x, y), self, agent_type)
self.grid.position_agent(agent, (x, y))
self.schedule.add(agent)
self.running = True
self.datacollector.collect(self)
def step(self):
'''
Run one step of the model. If All agents are happy, halt the model.
'''
self.happy = 0 # Reset counter of happy agents
self.schedule.step()
# collect data
self.datacollector.collect(self)
if self.happy == self.schedule.get_agent_count():
self.running = False
class Schelling(Model):
'''
Model for Schelling segregation agent
'''
def __init__(self, height, width, density, minority_pc, homophily):
self.height = height
self.width = width
self.density = density
self.minority_pc = minority_pc
self.homophily = homophily
# grid
self.grid = SingleGrid(height, width, torus=True)
# schedule
self.schedule = RandomActivation(self)
# datacollector
self.happy = 0
self.datacollector = DataCollector({"happy": "happy"}, {
"x": lambda a: a.position[0],
"y": lambda a: a.position[1]
})
# agent setup
for cell in self.grid.coord_iter():
x = cell[1]
y = cell[2]
if self.random.random() < self.density:
if self.random.random() < self.minority_pc:
agent_type = 1
else:
agent_type = 0
agent = SchellingAgent((x, y), self, agent_type)
self.grid.position_agent(agent, (x, y))
self.schedule.add(agent)
self.running = True
self.datacollector.collect(self)
def step(self):
# reset at each step
self.happy = 0
self.schedule.step()
# collect data
self.datacollector.collect(self)
# stop if all agents are happy
if self.happy == self.schedule.get_agent_count():
self.running = False
class SchellingModel(Model):
'''
Model class for the Schelling segregation model.
'''
def __init__(self, height, width, density, type_pcs=[.2, .2, .2, .2, .2]):
'''
'''
self.height = height
self.width = width
self.density = density
self.type_pcs = type_pcs
self.schedule = RandomActivation(self)
self.grid = SingleGrid(height, width, torus=False)
self.happy = 0
self.datacollector = DataCollector(
{"happy": lambda m: m.happy}, # Model-level count of happy agents
# For testing purposes, agent's individual x and y
{
"x": lambda a: a.pos[0],
"y": lambda a: a.pos[1]
})
self.running = True
# Set up agents
# We use a grid iterator that returns
# the coordinates of a cell as well as
# its contents. (coord_iter)
total_agents = self.height * self.width * self.density
agents_by_type = [total_agents * val for val in self.type_pcs]
for loc, types in enumerate(agents_by_type):
for i in range(int(types)):
pos = self.grid.find_empty()
agent = SchellingAgent(pos, self, loc)
self.grid.position_agent(agent, pos)
self.schedule.add(agent)
def step(self):
'''
Run one step of the model. If All agents are happy, halt the model.
'''
self.happy = 0 # Reset counter of happy agents
self.schedule.step()
self.datacollector.collect(self)
if self.happy == self.schedule.get_agent_count():
self.running = False
class SchellingModel(Model):
'''
Schelling model class
'''
def __init__(self, width=5, height=5, threshold=0.5, population_density=0.8, population_breakdown=0.5):
'''
Initialize the model
Args:
width: Width of the grid containing agents.
height: Height of the grid containing agents.
threshold: Homophily threshold, the number, from 0-8, of nearest neighbours at which I am so unhappy that I move.
population_density: Proportion of cells occupied, from 0-1.
population_breakdown: Proportion of agents of type 1, from 0-1.
'''
self.running = True
self.height = height
self.width = width
self.threshold = threshold
self.population_density = population_density
self.population_breakdown = population_breakdown
self.no_happy_this_timestep = 0
self.schedule = RandomActivation(self)
self.grid = SingleGrid(width, height, torus=True)
self.datacollector = DataCollector(
{"happy": lambda m: m.no_happy_this_timestep},
{"x": lambda a: a.pos[0], "y": lambda a: a.pos[1]})
for cell in self.grid.coord_iter():
x = cell[1]
y = cell[2]
if random.random() < self.population_density:
if random.random() < self.population_breakdown:
agent_type = 1
else:
agent_type = 0
agent = Agent(self,(x, y), agent_type)
self.grid.position_agent(agent, (x, y))
self.schedule.add(agent)
def step(self):
'''
Update model once in each time step
'''
self.no_happy_this_timestep = 0
self.schedule.step()
self.datacollector.collect(self)
# End the simulation if all agents are happy since none will move
if self.no_happy_this_timestep == self.schedule.get_agent_count():
self.running = False
class SchellingModel(Model):
'''
Model class for the Schelling segregation model.
'''
def __init__(self, height, width, density, type_pcs=[.2, .2, .2, .2, .2]):
'''
'''
self.height = height
self.width = width
self.density = density
self.type_pcs = type_pcs
self.schedule = RandomActivation(self)
self.grid = SingleGrid(height, width, torus=False)
self.happy = 0
self.datacollector = DataCollector(
{"happy": lambda m: m.happy}, # Model-level count of happy agents
# For testing purposes, agent's individual x and y
{"x": lambda a: a.pos[0], "y": lambda a: a.pos[1]})
self.running = True
# Set up agents
# We use a grid iterator that returns
# the coordinates of a cell as well as
# its contents. (coord_iter)
total_agents = self.height * self.width * self.density
agents_by_type = [total_agents*val for val in self.type_pcs]
for loc, types in enumerate(agents_by_type):
for i in range(int(types)):
pos = self.grid.find_empty()
agent = SchellingAgent(pos, self, loc)
self.grid.position_agent(agent, pos)
self.schedule.add(agent)
def step(self):
'''
Run one step of the model. If All agents are happy, halt the model.
'''
self.happy = 0 # Reset counter of happy agents
self.schedule.step()
self.datacollector.collect(self)
if self.happy == self.schedule.get_agent_count():
self.running = False
class NewModel(Model):
def __init__(self, width, height, num_agents):
self.schedule = RandomActivation(self)
self.grid = SingleGrid(width, height, torus = True)
self.num_agents = num_agents
# to collect info about how many agents are happy, average similarity of neighbors, length of residence
self.datacollector = DataCollector(model_reporters = {"Happy": lambda m: m.happy, "Similar": lambda m: m.similar, "Residence": lambda m: m.avg_residence}, agent_reporters = {"x": lambda a: a.pos[0], "y": lambda a: a.pos[1]})
self.avg_residence = 0
self.happy = 0
self.similar = 0
self.running = True
for i in range(self.num_agents):
# white
if random.random() < 0.70:
agent_type = 1
income = np.random.normal(54000, 41000)
# black
else:
agent_type = 0
income = np.random.normal(32000, 40000)
# add new agents
agent = NewAgent(i, self, agent_type, income)
self.schedule.add(agent)
# assign the initial coords of the agents
x = self.random.randrange(self.grid.width)
y = self.random.randrange(self.grid.height)
self.grid.position_agent(agent, (x, y))
def step(self):
'''Advance the model by one step.'''
self.happy = 0
self.schedule.step()
# get the average similarity
self.similar /= self.num_agents
# get the average length of residence
self.avg_residence /= self.num_agents
self.datacollector.collect(self)
if self.happy == self.schedule.get_agent_count():
self.running = False
class SchellingModel(Model):
"""Model class for the Schelling segregation model."""
def __init__(self, density, minority_pc):
self.density = density
self.minority_pc = minority_pc
self.schedule = RandomActivation(self)
self.grid = GeoSpace(crs='epsg:4326')
self.happy = 0
self.datacollector = DataCollector(
{"happy": lambda m: m.happy}) # Model-level count of happy agents
self.running = True
# Set up the grid with patches for every NUTS region
regions = geojson.load(open('nuts_rg_60M_2013_lvl_2.geojson'))
self.grid.create_agents_from_GeoJSON(regions,
SchellingAgent,
model=self,
unique_id='NUTS_ID')
# Set up agents
for agent in self.grid.agents:
if random.random() < self.density:
if random.random() < self.minority_pc:
agent.atype = 1
else:
agent.atype = 0
self.schedule.add(agent)
# Update the bounding box of the grid and create a new rtree
self.grid.update_bbox()
self.grid.create_rtree()
def step(self):
"""Run one step of the model.
If All agents are happy, halt the model.
"""
self.happy = 0 # Reset counter of happy agents
self.schedule.step()
self.datacollector.collect(self)
if self.happy == self.schedule.get_agent_count():
self.running = False
self.grid.create_rtree()
class COVID_model(Model):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__(Model)
self.susceptible = 0
self.dead = 0
self.recovered = 0
self.infected = 0
interactions = model_params.parameters['interactions']
population = model_params.parameters['population']
self.num_agents = population
G = model_functions.build_network(interactions, population)
self.grid = NetworkGrid(G)
self.schedule = RandomActivation(self)
self.running = True
for node in range(population):
new_agent = agent.human(self.next_id(), node, self)
self.grid.place_agent(new_agent, node)
self.schedule.add(new_agent)
#self.meme = 0
self.datacollector = DataCollector(model_reporters={"infected": model_functions.compute_infected,
"recovered": model_functions.compute_recovered,
"susceptible": model_functions.compute_susceptible,
"dead": model_functions.compute_dead,
"R0": model_functions.compute_R0,
"severe_cases":model_functions.compute_severe})
self.datacollector.collect(self)
def step(self):
self.schedule.step()
self.datacollector.collect(self)
if self.dead == self.schedule.get_agent_count():
self.running = False
else:
self.running = True
class SchellingModel(Model):
"""Model class for the Schelling segregation model."""
def __init__(self, density, minority_pc):
self.density = density
self.minority_pc = minority_pc
self.schedule = RandomActivation(self)
self.grid = GeoSpace()
self.happy = 0
self.datacollector = DataCollector({"happy": "happy"})
self.running = True
# Set up the grid with patches for every NUTS region
AC = AgentCreator(SchellingAgent, {"model": self})
agents = AC.from_file("nuts_rg_60M_2013_lvl_2.geojson")
self.grid.add_agents(agents)
# Set up agents
for agent in agents:
if random.random() < self.density:
if random.random() < self.minority_pc:
agent.atype = 1
else:
agent.atype = 0
self.schedule.add(agent)
def step(self):
"""Run one step of the model.
If All agents are happy, halt the model.
"""
self.happy = 0 # Reset counter of happy agents
self.schedule.step()
# self.datacollector.collect(self)
if self.happy == self.schedule.get_agent_count():
self.running = False
class Schelling(Model):
'''
Model class for the SM coupled to the Schelling segregation model.
This class has been modified from the original mesa Schelling model.
'''
def __init__(self, height=20, width=20, density=0.8, minority_pc=0.2, homophilyType0=0.5, homophilyType1=0.5, movementQuota=0.30, happyCheckRadius=5, moveCheckRadius=10, last_move_quota=5):
'''
'''
self.height = height
self.width = width
self.density = density
self.minority_pc = minority_pc
self.homophilyType0 = homophilyType0
self.homophilyType1 = homophilyType1
self.movementQuota = movementQuota
self.happyCheckRadius = happyCheckRadius
self.moveCheckRadius = moveCheckRadius
self.last_move_quota = last_move_quota
self.schedule = RandomActivation(self)
self.grid = SingleGrid(height, width, torus=True)
self.happy = 0
self.happytype0 = 0
self.happytype1 = 0
self.stepCount = 0
self.evenness = 0
self.empty = 0
self.type0agents = 0
self.type1agents = 0
self.movement = 0
self.movementtype0 = 0
self.movementtype1 = 0
self.movementQuotaCount = 0
self.numberOfAgents = 0
self.datacollector = DataCollector(
# Model-level count of happy agents
{"step": "stepCount", "happy": "happy", "happytype0": "happytype0", "happytype1": "happytype1", "movement": "movement", "movementtype0": "movementtype0", "movementtype1": "movementtype1","evenness": "evenness", "numberOfAgents": "numberOfAgents", "homophilyType0": "homophilyType0", "homophilyType1": "homophilyType1", "movementQuota": "movementQuota", "happyCheckRadius": "happyCheckRadius", "last_move_quota": "last_move_quota"},
# For testing purposes, agent's individual x and y
{"x": lambda a: a.pos[0], "y": lambda a: a.pos[1], "Agent type": lambda a:a.type})
# , "z": lambda a:a.type
# Set up agents
# We use a grid iterator that returns
# the coordinates of a cell as well as
# its contents. (coord_iter)
for cell in self.grid.coord_iter():
x = cell[1]
y = cell[2]
if self.random.random() < self.density:
if self.random.random() < self.minority_pc:
agent_type = 1
else:
agent_type = 0
last_move = round(self.random.random()*10) # randomly assign a value from 0 to 10
agent = SchellingAgent((x, y), self, agent_type, last_move)
self.grid.position_agent(agent, (x, y))
self.schedule.add(agent)
# print("Schedule: ", len(self.schedule.agents))
self.running = True
self.numberOfAgents = self.schedule.get_agent_count()
self.datacollector.collect(self)
def step(self, policy):
'''
Run one step of the model. If All agents are happy, halt the model.
Note on the eveness paramater calculation:
It cannot be performed in the step function of the agents as then it would not take consider periods of time during which the agents are still moving, making the parameter calculation inaccurate.
'''
self.happy = 0 # Reset counter of happy agents
self.happytype0 = 0 # Reset counter of happy type 0 agents
self.happytype1 = 0 # Reset counter of happy type 1 agents
self.empty = 0 # Reset counter of empty cells
self.type0agents = 0 # Reset count of type 0 agents
self.type1agents = 0 # Reset count of type 1 agents
self.movementQuotaCount = 0 # Reset count of the movement quota
self.movement = 0 # Reset counter of movement of agents
self.movementtype0 = 0 # Reset counter of movement of type 0 agents
self.movementtype1 = 0 # Reset counter of movement of type 1 agents
# introduction of the selected policy in the Schelling model
# happy check vision changes
if policy[0] != None and self.happyCheckRadius<15 and self.happyCheckRadius>1:
self.happyCheckRadius += policy[0]
# movement quota changes
if policy[1] != None and self.movementQuota<1 and self.movementQuota>0.05:
self.movementQuota += policy[1]
# last movement threshold
if policy[2] != None and self.last_move_quota<50 and self.last_move_quota>0:
self.last_move_quota += policy[2]
# type 0 preference
if policy[3] != None and self.homophilyType0<1 and self.homophilyType0>0:
self.homophilyType0 += policy[3]
# type 1 preference
if policy[4] != None and self.homophilyType1<1 and self.homophilyType1>0:
self.homophilyType1 += policy[4]
# run the step for the agents
self.schedule.step()
# print(self.movementQuotaCount, " agents moved.")
# print(round(self.happy/self.schedule.get_agent_count() * 100,2), "percent are happy agents.")
# calculating empty counter
self.empty = (self.height*self.width) - self.schedule.get_agent_count()
# calculating type 0 and type 1 agent numbers
for agent in self.schedule.agent_buffer(shuffled=True):
# print(agent.type)
if agent.type == 0:
self.type0agents += 1
if agent.type == 1:
self.type1agents += 1
# calculation of evenness (segregation parameter) using Haw (2015).
self.evenness_calculation()
# iterate the steps counter
self.stepCount += 1
# collect data
self.datacollector.collect(self)
# checking the datacollector
# if self.stepCount % 2 == 0:
# print(self.datacollector.get_model_vars_dataframe())
# print(self.datacollector.get_agent_vars_dataframe())
if self.happy == self.schedule.get_agent_count():
self.running = False
print("All agents are happy, the simulation ends!")
output_KPIs = [self.evenness, self.movement, self.happy, self.movementtype0, self.movementtype1, self.happytype0, self.happytype1]
return output_KPIs, self.type0agents, self.type1agents
def evenness_calculation(self):
'''
To calculate the evenness parameter, one needs to first subdivide the grid into areas of more than one square each. The evenness will be then calculated based on the distribution of type 0 and type 1 agents in each of these areas.
The division into area needs to be done carefully as it depends on the inputs within the model (width and height of the grid).
'''
# check for a square grid
if self.height != self.width:
self.running = False
print("WARNING - The grid is not a square, please insert the same width and height")
# reset the evenness parameter
self.evenness = 0
# algorithm to calculate evenness
n = 4 # number of big areas considered in width and height
if self.height % n == 0:
# consider all big areas
for big_dy in range(n):
for big_dx in range(n):
# looking within one big areas, going through all cells
listAgents = []
for small_dy in range(int(self.height/n)):
for small_dx in range(int(self.height/n)):
for agents in self.schedule.agent_buffer(shuffled=True):
if agents.pos == (self.height/n * big_dx + small_dx, self.height/n * big_dy + small_dy):
listAgents.append(agents)
# calculating evenness for each big area
countType0agents = 0 # Reset of the type counter for type 0 agents
countType1agents = 0 # Reset of the type counter for type 1 agents
# checking the type of agents in the big area
for agents in listAgents:
if agents.type == 0:
countType0agents += 1
if agents.type == 1:
countType1agents += 1
self.evenness += 0.5 * abs((countType0agents/self.type0agents) - (countType1agents/self.type1agents))
# print("evenness :", round(self.evenness,2))
class OilSpread(Model):
def __init__(self,
height=20,
width=20,
initial_macchie=1,
qnt=10,
qnt_prop=50,
initial_barche=1,
power_boat=3,
initial_land=20):
self.height = height
self.width = width
self.initial_macchie = initial_macchie
self.qnt = qnt
self.qnt_prop = qnt_prop
self.initial_barche = initial_barche
self.power_boat = power_boat
self.initial_land = initial_land
self.schedule = RandomActivation(self)
self.grid = Grid(width, height, torus=True)
self.datacollector = DataCollector({
"Oil":
lambda m: m.schedule.get_agent_count() - self.initial_barche - self
.initial_land - self.height
#"Cane": lambda m: self.count_type(self, 0)
})
# Create terra
for i in range(self.initial_land):
x = 0
y = i
terra = Land((x, y), self, 0)
self.grid.place_agent(terra, (x, y))
self.schedule.add(terra)
# Create terra
for i in range(20):
x = self.width - 1
y = i
limite = Bound((x, y), self)
self.grid.place_agent(limite, (x, y))
self.schedule.add(limite)
# Create macchie di petrolio
for i in range(self.initial_macchie):
x = self.random.randrange(self.width)
y = self.random.randrange(self.height)
if (x == 0):
x += 1
if (y == self.width):
y -= 2
macchia = Oil((x, y), self, qnt, qnt_prop)
self.grid.place_agent(macchia, (x, y))
self.schedule.add(macchia)
# Create barchette pulisci mondo
for i in range(self.initial_barche):
x = self.random.randrange(self.width)
y = self.random.randrange(self.height)
if (x == 0):
x += 1
if (y == self.width):
y -= 2
barca = Boat((x, y), self, power_boat)
self.grid.place_agent(barca, (x, y))
self.schedule.add(barca)
self.running = True
self.datacollector.collect(self)
def step(self):
self.schedule.step()
# collect data
self.datacollector.collect(self)
print("il numero di macchie di petrolio sono in gioco sono " +
str(self.schedule.get_agent_count() - self.initial_barche -
self.initial_land - self.height))
if self.schedule.get_agent_count(
) == self.initial_barche + self.initial_land + self.height:
self.running = False
class EvacuationModel(Model):
def __init__(self, N=20, height=21, width=21, push_ratio = 0.5):
super().__init__()
self.height = height
self.width = width
self.num_agents = N
self.exit_x = self.width - 1
self.exit_y = round(self.height/2)
self.push_probs = np.array([[0.,0.],[1.,0.5]])
self.grid = HexGrid(self.width, self.height, torus=False)
self.schedule = RandomActivation(self)
# decide for ID whether it is a pusher
is_pusher = np.zeros(N, dtype = int)
idx = self.random.sample([i for i in range(N)], int(push_ratio * N))
is_pusher[idx] = 1
# Add N pedestrians
taken_pos = []
for i in range(self.num_agents):
# Add the agent to a random grid cell
while True:
x = self.random.randrange(1, self.grid.width-1)
y = self.random.randrange(1, self.grid.height-1)
pos = (x,y)
if not pos in taken_pos:
break
a = Pedestrian(i, self, pos, self.exit_x, self.exit_y, is_pusher[i])
self.schedule.add(a)
self.grid.place_agent(a, pos)
taken_pos.append(pos)
print(len(taken_pos))
# Place vertical walls
for i in range(self.height):
# Left
x=0
y=i
if x == self.exit_x and y == self.exit_y:
e = Exit(self, (x, y))
#self.schedule.add(e)
self.grid.place_agent(e, (x, y))
else:
w = Wall(self, (x, y))
#self.schedule.add(w)
self.grid.place_agent(w, (x, y))
# Right
x=self.width-1
y=i
# One exit
if x == self.exit_x and y == self.exit_y:
e = Exit(self, (x, y))
#self.schedule.add(e)
self.grid.place_agent(e, (x, y))
else:
w = Wall(self, (x, y))
#self.schedule.add(w)
self.grid.place_agent(w, (x, y))
# Place horizontal walls
for i in range(self.width):
# Up
x=i
y=0
if x == self.exit_x and y == self.exit_y:
e = Exit(self, (x, y))
#self.schedule.add(e)
self.grid.place_agent(e, (x, y))
else:
w = Wall(self, (x, y))
#self.schedule.add(w)
self.grid.place_agent(w, (x, y))
# Down
x=i
y=self.height-1
# One exit
if x == self.exit_x and y == self.exit_y:
#e = Exit(self, (x, y))
#self.schedule.add(e)
#self.grid.place_agent(e, (x, y))
continue
else:
w = Wall(self, (x, y))
#self.schedule.add(w)
self.grid.place_agent(w, (x, y))
self.data_collector = DataCollector({
"Evacuees": lambda m: self.count_evacuees(),
"Evacuated": lambda m: self.count_evacuated()
})
# this is required for the data_collector to work
self.running = True
self.data_collector.collect(self)
def count_evacuees(self):
count = self.schedule.get_agent_count()
print('EVACUEES COUNT')
print(count)
print()
return count
def count_evacuated(self):
count = self.num_agents - self.schedule.get_agent_count()
return count
def step(self):
print(self.schedule.get_agent_count())
if self.schedule.get_agent_count() == 0:
exit()
else:
self.schedule.step()
print("")
self.data_collector.collect(self)
class SchellingModel(Model):
'''Model class for Schelling segregation model'''
def __init__(self,
height=20,
width=20,
density=.8,
group_ratio=.66,
minority_ratio=.5,
homophily=3):
self.height = height
self.width = width
self.density = density
self.group_ratio = group_ratio
self.minority_ratio = minority_ratio
self.homophily = homophily
self.happy = 0
self.segregated = 0
self.schedule = RandomActivation(self)
self.grid = SingleGrid(height, width, torus=False)
self.place_agents()
self.datacollector = DataCollector({
'happy': (lambda m: m.happy),
'segregated': (lambda m: m.segregated)
})
self.running = True
def step(self):
'''Run one step of model'''
self.schedule.step()
self.calculate_stats()
self.datacollector.collect(self)
if self.happy == self.schedule.get_agent_count():
self.running = False
def place_agents(self):
for cell in self.grid.coord_iter():
x, y = cell[1:3]
if random.random() < self.density:
if random.random() < self.group_ratio:
if random.random() < self.minority_ratio:
group = 0
else:
group = 1
else:
group = 2
agent = SchellingAgent((x, y), group)
self.grid.position_agent(agent, (x, y))
self.schedule.add(agent)
for agent in self.schedule.agents:
count = 0
for neighbour in self.grid.iter_neighbors(agent.pos, moore=False):
if neighbour.group == agent.group:
count += 1
agent.similar = count
def calculate_stats(self):
happy_count = 0
avg_seg = 0
for agent in self.schedule.agents:
avg_seg += agent.similar
if agent.similar >= self.homophily:
happy_count += 1
self.happy = happy_count
self.segregated = avg_seg / self.schedule.get_agent_count()
class SchoolModel(Model):
"""
Model class for the Schelling segregation model.
...
Attributes
----------
height: int
grid height
width: int
grid width
num_schools: int
number of schools
f : float
fraction preference of agents for like
M : float
utility penalty for homogeneous neighbourhood
residential_steps :
number of steps for the residential model
minority_pc :
minority fraction
bounded : boolean
If True use bounded (predefined neighbourhood) for agents residential choice
cap_max : float
school capacity TODO: explain
radius : int
neighbourhood radius for agents calculation of residential choice (only used if not bounded)
household_types :
labels for different ethnic types of households
symmetric_positions :
use symmetric positions for the schools along the grid, or random
schelling :
if True use schelling utility function otherwise use assymetric
school_pos :
if supplied place schools in the supplied positions - also update school_num
extended_data :
if True collect extra data for agents (utility distribution and satisfaction)
takes up a lot of space
sample : int
subsample the empty residential sites to be evaluated to speed up computation
variable_f : variable_f
draw values of the ethnic preference, f from a normal distribution
sigma : float
The standard deviation of the normal distribution used for f
alpha : float
ratio of ethnic to distance to school preference for school utility
temp : float
temperature for the behavioural logit rule for agents moving
households : list
all household objects
schools : list
all school objects
residential_moves_per_step : int
number of agents to move residence at every step
school_moves_per_step : int
number of agents to move school at every step
num_households : int
total number of household agents
pm : list [ , ]
number of majority households, number of minority households
schedule : mesa schedule type
grid : mesa grid type
total_moves :
number of school moves made in particular step
res_moves :
number of residential site moves made in particular step
move :
type of move recipe - 'random' 'boltzmann' or 'deterministic'
school_locations : list
list of locations of all schools (x,y)
household_locations :
list of locations of all households (x,y)
closer_school_from_position : numpy array shape : (width x height)
map of every grid position to the closest school
"""
def __init__(self, height=100, width=100, density=0.9, num_neighbourhoods=16, schools_per_neighbourhood=2,minority_pc=0.5, homophily=3, f0=0.6,f1=0.6,\
M0=0.8,M1=0.8,T=0.75,
alpha=0.5, temp=1, cap_max=1.01, move="boltzmann", symmetric_positions=True,
residential_steps=70,schelling=False,bounded=True,
residential_moves_per_step=2000, school_moves_per_step =2000,radius=6,proportional = False,
torus=False,fs="eq", extended_data = False, school_pos=None, agents=None, sample=4, variable_f=True, sigma=0.35, displacement=8 ):
# Options for the model
self.height = height
self.width = width
print("h x w", height, width)
self.density = density
#self.num_schools= num_schools
self.f = [f0, f1]
self.M = [M0, M1]
self.residential_steps = residential_steps
self.minority_pc = minority_pc
self.bounded = bounded
self.cap_max = cap_max
self.T = T
self.radius = radius
self.household_types = [0, 1] # majority, minority !!
self.symmetric_positions = symmetric_positions
self.schelling = schelling
self.school_pos = school_pos
self.extended_data = extended_data
self.sample = sample
self.variable_f = variable_f
self.sigma = sigma
self.fs = fs
# choice parameters
self.alpha = alpha
self.temp = temp
self.households = []
self.schools = []
self.neighbourhoods = []
self.residential_moves_per_step = residential_moves_per_step
self.school_moves_per_step = school_moves_per_step
self.num_households = int(width * height * density)
num_min_households = int(self.minority_pc * self.num_households)
self.num_neighbourhoods = num_neighbourhoods
self.schools_per_neigh = schools_per_neighbourhood
self.num_schools = int(num_neighbourhoods * self.schools_per_neigh)
self.pm = [
self.num_households - num_min_households, num_min_households
]
self.schedule = RandomActivation(self)
self.grid = SingleGrid(height, width, torus=torus)
self.total_moves = 0
self.res_moves = 0
self.move = move
self.school_locations = []
self.household_locations = []
self.neighbourhood_locations = []
self.closer_school_from_position = np.empty(
[self.grid.width, self.grid.height])
self.closer_neighbourhood_from_position = np.empty(
[self.grid.width, self.grid.height])
self.happy = 0
self.res_happy = 0
self.percent_happy = 0
self.seg_index = 0
self.res_seg_index = 0
self.residential_segregation = 0
self.collective_utility = 0
self.comp0,self.comp1,self.comp2,self.comp3,self.comp4,self.comp5,self.comp6,self.comp7, \
self.comp8, self.comp9, self.comp10, self.comp11, self.comp12, self.comp13, self.comp14, self.comp15 = 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
self.satisfaction = []
self.pi_jm = []
self.pi_jm_fixed = []
self.compositions = []
self.average_like_fixed = 0
self.average_like_variable = 0
self.my_collector = []
if torus:
self.max_dist = self.height / np.sqrt(2)
else:
self.max_dist = self.height * np.sqrt(2)
# Set up agents
# We use a grid iterator that returns
# the coordinates of a cell as well as
# its contents. (coord_iter)
# Set up schools in symmetric positions along the grid
# if schools already supplied place them where they should be
# TODO: fix
if self.school_pos:
school_positions = self.school_pos
self.school_locations = school_pos
self.num_schools = len(school_pos)
print("Option not working")
sys.exit()
# otherwise calculate the positions
else:
if self.num_neighbourhoods == 4:
neighbourhood_positions = [(width / 4, height / 4),
(width * 3 / 4, height / 4),
(width / 4, height * 3 / 4),
(width * 3 / 4, height * 3 / 4)]
elif self.num_neighbourhoods == 9:
n = 6
neighbourhood_positions = [(width/n,height/n),(width*3/n,height*1/n),(width*5/n,height*1/n),(width/n,height*3/n),\
(width*3/n,height*3/n),(width*5/n,height*3/n),(width*1/n,height*5/n),(width*3/n,height*5/n),\
(width*5/n,height*5/n)]
elif self.num_neighbourhoods in [25, 64, 16]:
neighbourhood_positions = []
n = int(np.sqrt(self.num_neighbourhoods) * 2)
print(n)
x1 = range(1, int(n + 1), 2)
xloc = np.repeat(x1, int(n / 2))
yloc = np.tile(x1, int(n / 2))
for i in range(self.num_neighbourhoods):
neighbourhood_positions.append(
(xloc[i] * height / n, yloc[i] * width / n))
print(neighbourhood_positions)
#for i in range(self.num_schools):i
i = 0
while len(self.neighbourhoods) < self.num_neighbourhoods:
if self.symmetric_positions or self.school_pos:
x = int(neighbourhood_positions[i][0])
y = int(neighbourhood_positions[i][1])
#print(x,y)
else:
x = random.randrange(start=2, stop=self.grid.width - 2)
y = random.randrange(start=2, stop=self.grid.height - 2)
pos = (x, y)
pos2 = (x + 1, y + 1)
if schools_per_neighbourhood == 2:
pos3 = (x - displacement, y - displacement)
pos2 = (x + displacement, y + displacement)
do_not_use = self.school_locations + self.neighbourhood_locations
#if (pos not in do_not_use) and (pos2 not in do_not_use ) and (pos3 not in do_not_use ):
if (pos not in do_not_use) and (pos2 not in do_not_use):
#print('pos',pos,pos2,pos3)
self.school_locations.append(pos2)
school = SchoolAgent(pos2, self)
self.grid.place_agent(school, school.unique_id)
self.schools.append(school)
self.schedule.add(school)
if self.schools_per_neigh == 2:
# Add another school
self.school_locations.append(pos3)
school = SchoolAgent(pos3, self)
self.grid.place_agent(school, school.unique_id)
self.schools.append(school)
self.schedule.add(school)
self.neighbourhood_locations.append(pos)
neighbourhood = NeighbourhoodAgent(pos, self)
self.grid.place_agent(neighbourhood, neighbourhood.unique_id)
self.neighbourhoods.append(neighbourhood)
self.schedule.add(neighbourhood)
else:
print(pos, pos2, pos3, "is found in", do_not_use)
i += 1
print("num_schools", len(self.school_locations))
print("schools completed")
#print(self.neighbourhood_locations)
#print("schools",self.school_locations, len(self.school_locations))
# Set up households
# If agents are supplied place them where they need to be
if agents:
for cell in agents:
[agent_type, x, y] = cell
if agent_type in [0, 1]:
pos = (x, y)
if self.grid.is_cell_empty(pos):
agent = HouseholdAgent(pos, self, agent_type)
self.grid.place_agent(agent, agent.unique_id)
self.household_locations.append(pos)
self.households.append(agent)
self.schedule.add(agent)
# otherwise produce them
else:
# create household locations but dont create agents yet
while len(self.household_locations) < self.num_households:
#Add the agent to a random grid cell
x = random.randrange(self.grid.width)
y = random.randrange(self.grid.height)
pos = (x, y)
if (pos not in (self.school_locations +
self.household_locations +
self.neighbourhood_locations)):
self.household_locations.append(pos)
#print(Dij)
for ind, pos in enumerate(self.household_locations):
# create a school or create a household
if ind < int(self.minority_pc * self.num_households):
agent_type = self.household_types[1]
else:
agent_type = self.household_types[0]
household_index = ind
agent = HouseholdAgent(pos, self, agent_type, household_index)
#decorator_agent = HouseholdAgent(pos, self, agent_type)
self.grid.place_agent(agent, agent.unique_id)
#self.grid.place_agent(decorator_agent, pos)
self.households.append(agent)
self.schedule.add(agent)
self.set_positions_to_school()
self.set_positions_to_neighbourhood()
self.calculate_all_distances()
self.calculate_all_distances_to_neighbourhoods()
for agent in self.households:
random_school_index = random.randint(0, len(self.schools) - 1)
#print("school_index", random_school_index, agent.Dj, len(agent.Dj))
candidate_school = self.schools[random_school_index]
agent.allocate(candidate_school, agent.Dj[random_school_index])
#closer_school = self.schools[p.argmin(Dj)]
#closer_school.students.append(agent)
# agent.allocate(closer_school, np.min(Dj))
#print(agent.school.unique_id)
self.pi_jm = np.zeros(shape=(len(self.school_locations),
len(self.household_types)))
self.local_compositions = np.zeros(shape=(len(self.school_locations),
len(self.household_types)))
self.avg_school_size = round(density * width * height /
(len(self.schools)))
if self.extended_data:
self.datacollector = DataCollector(
model_reporters={
"agent_count": lambda m: m.schedule.get_agent_count(),
"seg_index": "seg_index",
"residential_segregation": "residential_segregation",
"res_seg_index": "res_seg_index",
"fixed_res_seg_index": "fixed_res_seg_index",
"happy": "happy",
"percent_happy": "percent_happy",
"total_moves": "total_moves",
"compositions0": "compositions0",
"compositions1": "compositions1",
"comp0": "comp0",
"comp1": "comp1",
"comp2": "comp2",
"comp3": "comp3",
"comp4": "comp4",
"comp5": "comp5",
"comp6": "comp6",
"comp7": "comp7",
"compositions": "compositions",
"collective_utility": "collective_utility"
},
agent_reporters={
"local_composition": "local_composition",
"type": lambda a: a.type,
"id": lambda a: a.unique_id,
#"fixed_local_composition": "fixed_local_composition",
#"variable_local_composition": "variable_local_composition",
"school_utilities": "school_utilities",
"residential_utilities": "residential_utilities",
"pos": "pos"
})
else:
self.datacollector = DataCollector(
model_reporters={
"agent_count": lambda m: m.schedule.get_agent_count(),
"seg_index": "seg_index",
"residential_segregation": "residential_segregation",
"res_seg_index": "res_seg_index",
"fixed_res_seg_index": "fixed_res_seg_index",
"happy": "happy",
"percent_happy": "percent_happy",
"total_moves": "total_moves",
"compositions0": "compositions0",
"compositions1": "compositions1",
"comp0": "comp0",
"comp1": "comp1",
"comp2": "comp2",
"comp3": "comp3",
"comp4": "comp4",
"comp5": "comp5",
"comp6": "comp6",
"comp7": "comp7",
"compositions": "compositions",
"collective_utility": "collective_utility"
},
agent_reporters={
"local_composition": "local_composition",
"type": lambda a: a.type,
"id": lambda a: a.unique_id,
# "fixed_local_composition": "fixed_local_composition",
# "variable_local_composition": "variable_local_composition",
"pos": "pos"
})
# Calculate local composition
# set size
for school in self.schools:
#school.get_local_school_composition()
#cap = round(np.random.normal(loc=cap_max * self.avg_school_size, scale=self.avg_school_size * 0.05))
cap = self.avg_school_size * self.cap_max
school.capacity = cap
print("cap", self.avg_school_size, cap)
segregation_index(self)
#
print(
"height = %d; width = %d; density = %.2f; num_schools = %d; minority_pc = %.2f; "
"f0 = %.2f; f1 = %.2f; M0 = %.2f; M1 = %.2f;\
alpha = %.2f; temp = %.2f; cap_max = %.2f; move = %s; symmetric_positions = %s"
% (height, width, density, self.num_schools, minority_pc, f0, f1,
M0, M1, alpha, temp, cap_max, move, symmetric_positions))
self.total_considered = 0
self.running = True
self.datacollector.collect(self)
def calculate_all_distances(self):
"""
calculate distance between school and household
Euclidean or gis shortest road route
:return: dist
"""
Dij = distance.cdist(np.array(self.household_locations),
np.array(self.school_locations), 'euclidean')
for household_index, household in enumerate(self.households):
Dj = Dij[household_index, :]
household.Dj = Dj
# Calculate distances of the schools - define the school-neighbourhood and compare
# closer_school = household.schools[np.argmin(household.)]
closer_school_index = np.argmin(household.Dj)
household.closer_school = self.schools[closer_school_index]
household.closer_school.neighbourhood_students.append(household)
return (Dij)
def calculate_all_distances_to_neighbourhoods(self):
"""
calculate distance between school and household
Euclidean or gis shortest road route
:return: dist
"""
for household_index, household in enumerate(self.households):
# Calculate distances of the schools - define the school-neighbourhood and compare
# closer_school = household.schools[np.argmin(household.)]
household.closer_neighbourhood = self.get_closer_neighbourhood_from_position(
household.pos)
household.closer_neighbourhood.neighbourhood_students_indexes.append(
household_index)
# just sanity check
# for i, neighbourhood in enumerate(self.neighbourhoods):
# students = neighbourhood.neighbourhood_students_indexes
# print("students,",i, len(students))
def set_positions_to_school(self):
'''
calculate closer school from every position on the grid
Euclidean or gis shortest road route
:return: dist
'''
distance_dict = {}
# Add the agent to a random grid cell
all_grid_locations = []
for x in range(self.grid.width):
for y in range(self.grid.height):
all_grid_locations.append((x, y))
Dij = distance.cdist(np.array(all_grid_locations),
np.array(self.school_locations), 'euclidean')
for i, pos in enumerate(all_grid_locations):
Dj = Dij[i, :]
(x, y) = pos
# Calculate distances of the schools - define the school-neighbourhood and compare
# closer_school = household.schools[np.argmin(household.)]
closer_school_index = np.argmin(Dj)
self.closer_school_from_position[x][y] = closer_school_index
#print("closer_school_by_position",self.closer_school_from_position)
def set_positions_to_neighbourhood(self):
'''
calculate closer neighbourhood centre from every position on the grid
Euclidean or gis shortest road route
:return: dist
'''
distance_dict = {}
# Add the agent to a random grid cell
all_grid_locations = []
for x in range(self.grid.width):
for y in range(self.grid.height):
all_grid_locations.append((x, y))
Dij = distance.cdist(np.array(all_grid_locations),
np.array(self.neighbourhood_locations),
'euclidean')
for i, pos in enumerate(all_grid_locations):
Dj = Dij[i, :]
(x, y) = pos
# Calculate distances of the schools - define the school-neighbourhood and compare
# closer_school = household.schools[np.argmin(household.)]
closer_neighbourhood_index = np.argmin(Dj)
self.closer_neighbourhood_from_position[x][
y] = closer_neighbourhood_index
#print("closer_school_by_position", self.closer_school_from_position)
def get_closer_school_from_position(self, pos):
"""
:param pos: (x,y) position
:return school: school object closest to this position
"""
(x, y) = pos
school_index = self.closer_school_from_position[x][y]
school = self.get_school_from_index(school_index)
return (school)
def get_closer_neighbourhood_from_position(self, pos):
"""
:param pos: (x,y) position
:return school: school object closest to this position
"""
(x, y) = pos
neighbourhood_index = self.closer_neighbourhood_from_position[x][y]
neighbourhood = self.get_neighbourhood_from_index(neighbourhood_index)
return (neighbourhood)
def get_school_from_index(self, school_index):
"""
:param self: obtain the school object using the index
:param school_index:
:return: school object
"""
return (self.schools[int(school_index)])
def get_neighbourhood_from_index(self, neighbourhood_index):
"""
:param self: obtain the school object using the index
:param school_index:
:return: school object
"""
return (self.neighbourhoods[int(neighbourhood_index)])
def get_households_from_index(self, household_indexes):
"""
Retrieve household objects from their indexes
:param household_indexes: list of indexes to retrieve household objects
:return: households: household objects
"""
households = []
for household_index in household_indexes:
households.append(self.households[household_index])
return (households)
def step(self):
'''
Run one step of the model. If All agents are happy, halt the model.
'''
self.happy = 0 # Reset counter of happy agents
self.res_happy = 0
self.total_moves = 0
self.total_considered = 0
self.res_moves = 0
self.satisfaction = []
self.res_satisfaction = []
self.schedule.step()
satisfaction = 0
res_satisfaction = 0
print("happy", self.happy)
print("total_considered", self.total_considered)
# Once residential steps are done calculate school distances
if self.schedule.steps <= self.residential_steps or self.schedule.steps == 1:
# during the residential steps keep recalculating the school neighbourhood compositions
# this is required for the neighbourhoods metric
#print("recalculating neighbourhoods")
# TODO: check this, not sure if this and the recalculation below is needed
for school in self.schools:
school.neighbourhood_students = []
for neighbourhood in self.neighbourhoods:
neighbourhood.neighbourhood_students_indexes = []
# update the household locations after a move
self.household_locations = []
for i, household in enumerate(self.households):
self.household_locations.append(household.pos)
self.calculate_all_distances()
self.calculate_all_distances_to_neighbourhoods()
#print("all", self.calculate_all_distances()[i, :])
# for i, household in enumerate(self.households):
# print(household.calculate_distances())
# # Calculate distances of the schools - define the school-neighbourhood and compare
# # closer_school = household.schools[np.argmin(household.)]
# closer_school_index = np.argmin(household.Dj)
# household.closer_school = self.schools[closer_school_index]
# household.closer_school.neighbourhood_students.append(household)
#
# # Initialize house allocation to school
# #household.move_school(closer_school_index, self.schools[closer_school_index])
#
self.residential_segregation = segregation_index(
self, unit="neighbourhood")
self.res_seg_index = segregation_index(self,
unit="agents_neighbourhood")
self.fixed_res_seg_index = segregation_index(
self, unit="fixed_agents_neighbourhood", radius=1)
res_satisfaction = np.mean(self.res_satisfaction)
satisfaction = 0
# calculate these after residential_model
if self.schedule.steps > self.residential_steps:
self.collective_utility = calculate_collective_utility(self)
print(self.collective_utility)
self.seg_index = segregation_index(self)
satisfaction = np.mean(self.satisfaction)
print("seg_index", "%.2f"%(self.seg_index), "var_res_seg", "%.2f"%(self.res_seg_index), "neighbourhood",
"%.2f"%(self.residential_segregation), "fixed_res_seg_index","%.2f"%(self.fixed_res_seg_index), \
"res_satisfaction %.2f" %res_satisfaction,"satisfaction %.2f" %satisfaction,\
"average_like_fixed %.2f"%self.average_like_fixed,"average_like_var %.2f"%self.average_like_variable )
if self.happy == self.schedule.get_agent_count():
self.running = False
compositions = []
# remove this?
for school in self.schools:
self.my_collector.append([
self.schedule.steps, school.unique_id,
school.get_local_school_composition()
])
self.compositions = school.get_local_school_composition()
compositions.append(school.get_local_school_composition()[0])
compositions.append(school.get_local_school_composition()[1])
self.compositions1 = int(school.get_local_school_composition()[1])
self.compositions0 = int(school.get_local_school_composition()[0])
#print("school_students",school.neighbourhood_students)
#print("comps",compositions,np.sum(compositions) )
[
self.comp0, self.comp1, self.comp2, self.comp3, self.comp4,
self.comp5, self.comp6, self.comp7
] = compositions[0:8]
# collect data
#
self.datacollector.collect(self)
print("moves", self.total_moves, "res_moves", self.res_moves,
"percent_happy", self.percent_happy)
for i, household in enumerate(self.households):
household.school_utilities = []
household.residential_utilities = []
class Schelling(Model):
'''
Define the Model
The other core class
'''
'''
mesa/space.py/Grid has 3 properties:
- width
- height
- torus
So `minority_pc` and `homophily` are customized properties here.
'''
def __init__(self,
height=20,
width=20,
density=0.8,
minority_pc=0.2,
homophily=3):
self.height = height
self.width = width
self.density = density
self.minority_pc = minority_pc
self.homophily = homophily
# Scheduler is used `RandomActivation`, which is defined in mesa/time.py/RandomActivation.
# Specify *time* of the model.
self.schedule = RandomActivation(self)
# `SingleGrid` is defined in mesa/space.py/SingleGrid.
# Grid which strictly enforces one object per cell.
# Specify *space* of the model.
# width, height, torus are the native properties.
self.grid = SingleGrid(width, height, torus=True)
# Without happy agents initially
self.happy = 0
# DataCollector collects 3 types of data:
# model-level data, agent-level data, and tables
# A DataCollector is instantiated with 2 dictionaries of reporter names and associated variable names or functions for each, one for model-level data and one for agent-level data; a third dictionary provides table names and columns. Variable names are converted into functions which retrieve attributes of that name.
self.datacollector = DataCollector(
{
'happy': 'happy'
}, # Model-level count of happy agents, only one agent-level reporter
# For testing purposes, agent’s individual x and y
# lambda function, it is like:
# lambda x, y: x ** y
{
'x': lambda a: a.pos[0],
'y': lambda a: a.pos[1]
},
)
# Set up agents
# We use grid iterator that returns
# the coordinates of a cell as well
# as its contents. (coord_iter)
# coord_iter is defined in mesa/space.py, which, which returns coordinates as well as cell contents.
for cell in self.grid.coord_iter():
# Grid cells are indexed by [x][y] (tuple), where [0][0] is assumed to be the bottom-left and [width-1][height-1] is the top-right. If a grid is toroidal, the top and bottom, and left and right, edges wrap to each other.
x = cell[1]
y = cell[2]
if self.random.random() < self.density:
if self.random.random() < self.minority_pc:
agent_type = 1
else:
agent_type = 0
agent = SchellingAgent((x, y), self, agent_type)
# position_agent is defined in mesa/space.py. Position an agent on the grid. This is used when first placing agents!
self.grid.position_agent(agent, (x, y))
# schedule.add() method is defined in mesa/time.py.
# Add an Agent object to the schedule.
#
# Aggs:
# agent: An Agent to be added to the schedule. Note: the agent must have a step() method.
self.schedule.add(agent)
self.running = True
# datacollector.collect() method is defined in mesa/datacollection.py. When the collect(…) method is called, it collects these attributes and executes these functions one by one and store the results.
self.datacollector.collect(self)
# Oh, I did’t understand step(…) method previously. Now I know as a consequential method, it executes all stages for all agents.
def step(self):
'''
Run one step of the model. If all agents are happy, halt the model.
'''
self.happy = 0 # Reset counter of happy agents
self.schedule.step()
# collect data
self.datacollector.collect(self)
# Method get_agent_count is defined in mesa/time.py. It returns the current number agents in the queue.
if self.happy == self.schedule.get_agent_count():
self.running = False
class PolicyEmergenceSM(Model):
'''
Simplest Model for the policy emergence model.
'''
def __init__(self, SM_inputs, height=20, width=20):
self.height = height
self.width = width
self.SM_inputs = SM_inputs
self.stepCount = 0
self.agenda_PC = None
self.agenda_PF = None
self.policy_implemented = None
self.policy_implemented_number = None
self.policy_formulation_run = False # True if an agenda is found
self.schedule = RandomActivation(self)
self.grid = SingleGrid(height, width, torus=True)
# creation of the datacollector vector
self.datacollector = DataCollector(
# Model-level variables
model_reporters = {
"step": "stepCount",
"AS_PF": get_problem_policy_chosen,
"agent_attributes": get_agents_attributes},
# Agent-level variables
agent_reporters = {
"x": lambda a: a.pos[0],
"y": lambda a: a.pos[1],
"Agent type": lambda a:type(a),
"Issuetree": lambda a: getattr(a, 'issuetree', [None])[a.unique_id if isinstance(a, ActiveAgent) else 0]}
)
# , "agenda_PC":"agenda_PC", "agenda_PF":"agenda_PF", "policy_implemented": "policy_implemented"
# "x": lambda a: a.pos[0], "y": lambda a: a.pos[1]
# "z": lambda a:a.issuetree
# belief tree properties
self.len_S, self.len_PC, self.len_DC, self.len_CR = issue_tree_input(self)
# print(self.len_S, self.len_PC, self.len_DC, self.len_CR)
# issue tree properties
self.policy_instruments, self.len_ins_1, self.len_ins_2, self.len_ins_all, self.PF_indices = policy_instrument_input(self, self.len_PC)
# Set up active agents
init_active_agents(self, self.len_S, self.len_PC, self.len_DC, self.len_CR, self.len_PC, self.len_ins_1, self.len_ins_2, self.len_ins_all, self.SM_inputs)
# Set up passive agents
init_electorate_agents(self, self.len_S, self.len_PC, self.len_DC, self.SM_inputs)
# Set up truth agent
init_truth_agent(self, self.len_S, self.len_PC, self.len_DC, self.len_ins_1, self.len_ins_2, self.len_ins_all)
# the issue tree will need to be updated at a later stage witht he values from the system/policy context
# print("Schedule has : ", len(self.schedule.agents), " agents.")
# print(self.schedule.agents)
# print(" ")
# for agent in self.schedule.agent_buffer(shuffled=False):
# print(' ')
# print(agent)
# print(type(agent))
# if isinstance(agent, ActiveAgent):
# print(agent.unique_id, " ", agent.pos, " ", agent.agent_type, " ", agent.resources, " ", agent.affiliation, " ", agent.issuetree[agent.unique_id], " ", agent.policytree[agent.unique_id][0])
# if isinstance(agent, ElectorateAgent):
# print(agent.unique_id, " ", agent.pos, " ", agent.affiliation, " ", agent.issuetree)
# if isinstance(agent, TruthAgent):
# print(agent.pos, " ", agent.issuetree)
self.running = True
self.numberOfAgents = self.schedule.get_agent_count()
self.datacollector.collect(self)
def step(self, KPIs):
print(" ")
print("Step +1 - Policy emergence model")
print("Step count: ", self.stepCount)
'''
Main steps of the Simplest Model for policy emergence:
0. Module interface - Input
Obtention of the beliefs from the system/policy context
!! This is to be implemented at a later stage
1. Agenda setting step
2. Policy formulation step
3. Module interface - Output
Implementation of the policy instrument selected
'''
# saving the attributes
self.KPIs = KPIs
# 0.
self.module_interface_input(self.KPIs)
'''
TO DO:
- Introduce the transfer of information between the external parties and the truth agent relates to the policy impacts
'''
# 1.
self.agenda_setting()
# 2.
if self.policy_formulation_run:
self.policy_formulation()
else:
self.policy_implemented = self.policy_instruments[-1]
# 3.
# self.module_interface_output()
# end of step actions:
# iterate the steps counter
self.stepCount += 1
# collect data
self.datacollector.collect(self)
print("step ends")
print(" ")
# print(self.datacollector.get_agent_vars_dataframe())
print(self.datacollector.get_model_vars_dataframe())
return self.policy_implemented
def module_interface_input(self, KPIs):
'''
The module interface input step consists of actions related to the module interface and the policy emergence model
Missing:
- Electorate actions
'''
# selection of the Truth agent policy tree and issue tree
for agent in self.schedule.agent_buffer(shuffled=True):
if isinstance(agent, TruthAgent):
truth_policytree = agent.policytree_truth
for issue in range(self.len_DC+self.len_PC+self.len_S):
agent.issuetree_truth[issue] = KPIs[issue]
truth_issuetree = agent.issuetree_truth
# Transferring policy impact to active agents
for agent in self.schedule.agent_buffer(shuffled=True):
if isinstance(agent, ActiveAgent):
# replacing the policy family likelihoods
for PFj in range(self.len_PC):
for PFij in range(self.len_PC):
agent.policytree[agent.unique_id][PFj][PFij] = truth_policytree[PFj][PFij]
# replacing the policy instruments impacts
for insj in range(self.len_ins_1 + self.len_ins_2 + self.len_ins_all):
agent.policytree[agent.unique_id][self.len_PC+insj][0:self.len_S] = truth_policytree[self.len_PC+insj]
# replacing the issue beliefs from the KPIs
for issue in range(self.len_DC+self.len_PC+self.len_S):
agent.issuetree[agent.unique_id][issue][0] = truth_issuetree[issue]
self.preference_update(agent, agent.unique_id)
def agenda_setting(self):
'''
The agenda setting step is the first step in the policy process conceptualised in this model. The steps are given as follows:
1. Active agents policy core issue selection
2. Active agents policy family selection
3. Active agents actions [to be detailed later]
4. Active agents policy core issue selection update
5. Active agents policy family selection update
6. Agenda selection
'''
# 1. & 2.
for agent in self.schedule.agent_buffer(shuffled=False):
if isinstance(agent, ActiveAgent): # considering only active agents
agent.selection_PC()
agent.selection_PF()
# print("PC and PF selected for agent", agent.unique_id, ": ", agent.selected_PC, agent.selected_PF)
# 3.
# 4. & 5.
for agent in self.schedule.agent_buffer(shuffled=False):
if isinstance(agent, ActiveAgent): # considering only active agents
agent.selection_PC()
agent.selection_PF()
# 6.
# All active agents considered
selected_PC_list = []
selected_PF_list = []
number_ActiveAgents = 0
for agent in self.schedule.agent_buffer(shuffled=False):
if isinstance(agent, ActiveAgent): # considering only policy makers
selected_PC_list.append(agent.selected_PC)
selected_PF_list.append(agent.selected_PF)
number_ActiveAgents += 1
# finding the most common policy core issue and its frequency
d = defaultdict(int)
for i in selected_PC_list:
d[i] += 1
result = max(d.items(), key=lambda x: x[1])
agenda_PC_temp = result[0]
agenda_PC_temp_frequency = result[1]
# finding the most common policy family issue and its frequency
d = defaultdict(int)
for i in selected_PF_list:
d[i] += 1
result = max(d.items(), key=lambda x: x[1])
agenda_PF_temp = result[0]
agenda_PF_temp_frequency = result[1]
# checking for majority
if agenda_PC_temp_frequency > int(number_ActiveAgents/2) and agenda_PF_temp_frequency > int(number_ActiveAgents/2):
self.agenda_PC = agenda_PC_temp
self.agenda_PF = agenda_PF_temp
self.policy_formulation_run = True
print("The agenda consists of PC", self.agenda_PC, " and PF", self.agenda_PF, ".")
else:
self.policy_formulation_run = False
print("No agenda was formed, moving to the next step.")
def policy_formulation(self):
'''
The policy formulation step is the second step in the policy process conceptualised in this model. The steps are given as follows:
0. Detailing of policy instruments that can be considered
1. Active agents deep core issue selection
2. Active agents policy instrument selection
3. Active agents actions [to be detailed later]
4. Active agents policy instrument selection update
5. Policy instrument selection
NOTE: THIS CODE DOESNT CONSIDER MAJORITY WHEN MORE THAN THREE POLICY MAKERS ARE INCLUDED, IT CONSIDERS THE MAXIMUM. THIS NEEDS TO BE ADAPTED TO CONSIDER 50% OR MORE!
'''
print("Policy formulation being introduced")
# 0.
possible_PI = self.PF_indices[self.agenda_PF]
# 1. & 2.
for agent in self.schedule.agent_buffer(shuffled=False):
if isinstance(agent, ActiveAgent): # considering only active agents
agent.selection_S()
agent.selection_PI()
# 3.
# 4. & 5.
for agent in self.schedule.agent_buffer(shuffled=False):
if isinstance(agent, ActiveAgent): # considering only active agents
agent.selection_PI()
# 6.
# Only policy makers considered
selected_PI_list = []
number_PMs = 0
for agent in self.schedule.agent_buffer(shuffled=False):
if isinstance(agent, ActiveAgent) and agent.agent_type == 'policymaker': # considering only policy makers
selected_PI_list.append(agent.selected_PI)
number_PMs += 1
# finding the most common secondary issue and its frequency
d = defaultdict(int)
for i in selected_PI_list:
d[i] += 1
result = max(d.items(), key=lambda x: x[1])
self.policy_implemented_number = result[0]
policy_implemented_number_frequency = result[1]
# check for the majority and implemented if satisfied
if policy_implemented_number_frequency > int(number_PMs/2):
print("The policy instrument selected is policy instrument ", self.policy_implemented_number, ".")
self.policy_implemented = self.policy_instruments[self.policy_implemented_number]
else:
print("No consensus on a policy instrument.")
self.policy_implemented = self.policy_instruments[-1] # selecting last policy instrument which is the no instrument policy instrument
def module_interface_output(self):
print("Module interface output not introduced yet")
def preference_update(self, agent, who):
self.preference_update_DC(agent, who)
self.preference_update_PC(agent, who)
self.preference_update_S(agent, who)
def preference_update_DC(self, agent, who):
"""
The preference update function (DC)
===========================
This function is used to update the preferences of the deep core issues of agents in their
respective belief trees.
agent - this is the owner of the belief tree
who - this is the part of the belieftree that is considered - agent.unique_id should be used for this - this is done to also include partial knowledge preference calculation
"""
len_DC = self.len_DC
len_PC = self.len_PC
len_S = self.len_S
#####
# 1.5.1. Preference calculation for the deep core issues
# 1.5.1.1. Calculation of the denominator
PC_denominator = 0
for h in range(len_DC):
if agent.issuetree[who][h][1] == None or agent.issuetree[who][h][0] == None:
PC_denominator = 0
else:
PC_denominator = PC_denominator + abs(agent.issuetree[who][h][1] - agent.issuetree[who][h][0])
# print('The denominator is given by: ' + str(PC_denominator))
# 1.5.1.2. Selection of the numerator and calculation of the preference
for i in range(len_DC):
# There are rare occasions where the denominator could be 0
if PC_denominator != 0:
agent.issuetree[who][i][2] = abs(agent.issuetree[who][i][1] - agent.issuetree[who][i][0]) / PC_denominator
else:
agent.issuetree[who][i][2] = 0
def preference_update_PC(self, agent, who):
"""
The preference update function (PC)
===========================
This function is used to update the preferences of the policy core issues of agents in their
respective belief trees.
agent - this is the owner of the belief tree
who - this is the part of the belieftree that is considered - agent.unique_id should be used for this - this is done to also include partial knowledge preference calculation
"""
len_DC = self.len_DC
len_PC = self.len_PC
len_S = self.len_S
#####
# 1.5.2 Preference calculation for the policy core issues
PC_denominator = 0
# 1.5.2.1. Calculation of the denominator
for j in range(len_PC):
# print('Selection PC' + str(j+1))
# print('State of the PC' + str(j+1) + ': ' + str(agent.issuetree[0][len_DC + j][0])) # the state printed
# Selecting the causal relations starting from PC
for k in range(len_DC):
# Contingency for partial knowledge issues
if agent.issuetree[who][k][1] == None or agent.issuetree[who][k][0] == None or agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+len_PC+len_S+j+(k*len_PC)][0] == None:
PC_denominator += 0
else:
# print('Causal Relation PC' + str(j+1) + ' - PC' + str(k+1) + ': ' + str(agent.issuetree[0][len_DC+len_PC+len_S+j+(k*len_PC)][1]))
# print('Gap of PC' + str(k+1) + ': ' + str((agent.issuetree[0][k][1] - agent.issuetree[0][k][0])))
# Check if causal relation and gap are both positive of both negative
# print('agent.issuetree[' + str(who) + '][' + str(len_DC+len_PC+len_S+j+(k*len_PC)) + '][0]: ' + str(agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+len_PC+len_S+j+(k*len_PC)][0]))
if (agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+len_PC+len_S+j+(k*len_PC)][0] < 0 and (agent.issuetree[who][k][1] - agent.issuetree[who][k][0]) < 0) or (agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+len_PC+len_S+j+(k*len_PC)][0] > 0 and (agent.issuetree[who][k][1] - agent.issuetree[who][k][0]) > 0):
PC_denominator = PC_denominator + abs(agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+len_PC+len_S+j+(k*len_PC)][0]*(agent.issuetree[who][k][1] - agent.issuetree[who][k][0]))
# print('This is the PC numerator: ' + str(PC_denominator))
else:
PC_denominator = PC_denominator
# 1.5.2.2. Addition of the gaps of the associated mid-level issues
for i in range(len_PC):
# Contingency for partial knowledge issues
if agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + i][1] == None or agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + i][0] == None:
PC_denominator = PC_denominator
else:
# print('This is the gap for the PC' + str(i+1) + ': ' + str(agent.issuetree[0][len_DC + i][1] - agent.issuetree[0][len_DC + i][0]))
PC_denominator += abs(agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + i][1] - agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + i][0])
# print('This is the S denominator: ' + str(PC_denominator))
# 1.5.2.3 Calculation the numerator and the preference
# Select one by one the PC
for j in range(len_PC):
# 1.5.2.3.1. Calculation of the right side of the numerator
PC_numerator = 0
# print('Selection PC' + str(j+1))
# print('State of the PC' + str(j+1) + ': ' + str(agent.issuetree[0][len_DC + j][0])) # the state printed
# Selecting the causal relations starting from DC
for k in range(len_DC):
# Contingency for partial knowledge issues
if agent.issuetree[who][k][1] == None or agent.issuetree[who][k][0] == None or agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+len_PC+len_S+j+(k*len_PC)][0] == None:
PC_numerator += 0
else:
# print('Causal Relation PC' + str(j+1) + ' - DC' + str(k+1) + ': ' + str(agent.issuetree[0][len_DC+len_PC+len_S+j+(k*len_PC)][1]))
# print('Gap of DC' + str(k+1) + ': ' + str((agent.issuetree[0][k][1] - agent.issuetree[0][k][0])))
# Check if causal relation and gap are both positive of both negative
if (agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+len_PC+len_S+j+(k*len_PC)][0] < 0 and (agent.issuetree[who][k][1] - agent.issuetree[who][k][0]) < 0) or (agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+len_PC+len_S+j+(k*len_PC)][0] > 0 and (agent.issuetree[who][k][1] - agent.issuetree[who][k][0]) > 0):
PC_numerator = PC_numerator + abs(agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+len_PC+len_S+j+(k*len_PC)][0]*(agent.issuetree[who][k][1] - agent.issuetree[who][k][0]))
# print('This is the PC numerator: ' + str(PC_numerator))
else:
PC_numerator = PC_numerator
# 1.5.2.3.2. Addition of the gap to the numerator
# Contingency for partial knowledge issues
if agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + j][1] == None or agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + j][0] == None:
PC_numerator += 0
else:
# print('This is the gap for the PC' + str(j+1) + ': ' + str(agent.issuetree[0][len_DC + j][1] - agent.issuetree[0][len_DC + j][0]))
PC_numerator += abs(agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + j][1] - agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + j][0])
# print('The numerator is equal to: ' + str(PC_numerator))
# print('The denominator is equal to: ' + str(PC_denominator))
# 1.5.2.3.3. Calculation of the preference
if PC_denominator != 0:
agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+j][2] = round(PC_numerator/PC_denominator,3)
# print('The new preference of the policy core PC' + str(j+1) + ' is: ' + str(agent.issuetree[0][len_DC+j][2]))
else:
agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+j][2] = 0
def preference_update_S(self, agent, who):
"""
The preference update function (S)
===========================
This function is used to update the preferences of secondary issues the agents in their
respective belief trees.
agent - this is the owner of the belief tree
who - this is the part of the belieftree that is considered - agent.unique_id should be used for this - this is done to also include partial knowledge preference calculation
"""
len_DC = self.len_DC
len_PC = self.len_PC
len_S = self.len_S
#####
# 1.5.3 Preference calculation for the secondary issues
S_denominator = 0
# 1.5.2.1. Calculation of the denominator
for j in range(len_S):
# print('Selection S' + str(j+1))
# print('State of the S' + str(j+1) + ': ' + str(agent.issuetree[0][len_DC + len_PC + j][0])) # the state printed
# Selecting the causal relations starting from S
for k in range(len_PC):
# Contingency for partial knowledge issues
if agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + k][1] == None or agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + k][0] == None or agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+len_PC+len_S+len_DC*len_PC+j+(k*len_S)][0] == None:
S_denominator += 0
else:
# print('Causal Relation S' + str(j+1) + ' - PC' + str(k+1) + ': ' + str(agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+len_PC+len_S+len_DC*len_PC+j+(k*len_S)][0]))
# print('Gap of PC' + str(k+1) + ': ' + str((agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+k][1] - agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+k][0])))
# Check if causal relation and gap are both positive of both negative
# print('agent.issuetree[' + str(who) + '][' + str(len_DC+len_PC+len_S+len_DC*len_PC+j+(k*len_S)) + '][0]: ' + str(agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+len_PC+len_S+len_DC*len_PC+j+(k*len_S)][0]))
if (agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+len_PC+len_S+len_DC*len_PC+j+(k*len_S)][0] < 0 and (agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+k][1] - agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+k][0]) < 0) or (agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+len_PC+len_S+len_DC*len_PC+j+(k*len_S)][0] > 0 and (agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+k][1] - agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+k][0]) > 0):
S_denominator += abs(agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+len_PC+len_S+len_DC*len_PC+j+(k*len_S)][0]*(agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+k][1] - agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+k][0]))
# print('This is the PC numerator: ' + str(S_denominator))
else:
S_denominator = S_denominator
# 1.5.2.2. Addition of the gaps of the associated secondary issues
for j in range(len_S):
# Contingency for partial knowledge issues
if agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+len_PC+j][1] == None or agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+len_PC+j][0] == None:
S_denominator = S_denominator
else:
# print('This is the gap for the PC' + str(i+1) + ': ' + str(agent.issuetree[0][len_DC + len_PC + i][1] - agent.issuetree[0][len_DC + len_PC + i][0]))
S_denominator += abs(agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+len_PC+j][1] - agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+len_PC+j][0])
# print('This is the PC denominator: ' + str(S_denominator))
# 1.5.2.3 Calculation the numerator and the preference
# Select one by one the S
for j in range(len_S):
# 1.5.2.3.1. Calculation of the right side of the numerator
S_numerator = 0
# print('Selection S' + str(j+1))
# print('State of the S' + str(j+1) + ': ' + str(agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + len_PC + j][0])) # the state printed
# Selecting the causal relations starting from PC
for k in range(len_PC):
# Contingency for partial knowledge issues
if agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + k][1] == None or agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + k][0] == None or agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+len_PC+len_S+len_DC*len_PC+j+(k*len_S)][0] == None:
S_numerator = 0
else:
# print('Causal Relation S' + str(j+1) + ' - PC' + str(k+1) + ': ' + str(agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+len_PC+len_S+len_DC*len_PC+j+(k*len_S)][0]))
# print('Gap of PC' + str(k+1) + ': ' + str((agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + k][1] - agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + k][0])))
# Check if causal relation and gap are both positive of both negative
if (agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+len_PC+len_S+len_DC*len_PC+j+(k*len_S)][0] < 0 and (agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+k][1] - agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+k][0]) < 0) or (agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+len_PC+len_S+len_DC*len_PC+j+(k*len_S)][0] > 0 and (agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+k][1] - agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+k][0]) > 0):
S_numerator += abs(agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+len_PC+len_S+len_DC*len_PC+j+(k*len_S)][0]*(agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+k][1] - agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+k][0]))
# print('This is the PC numerator: ' + str(S_numerator))
else:
S_numerator = S_numerator
# 1.5.2.3.2. Addition of the gap to the numerator
# Contingency for partial knowledge issues
if agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+len_PC+j][1] == None or agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+len_PC+j][0] == None:
S_numerator += 0
else:
# print('This is the gap for the PC' + str(j+1) + ': ' + str(agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+len_PC+j][1] - agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+len_PC+j][0]))
S_numerator += abs(agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+len_PC+j][1] - agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+len_PC+j][0])
# print('The numerator is equal to: ' + str(S_numerator))
# print('The denominator is equal to: ' + str(S_denominator))
# 1.5.2.3.3. Calculation of the preference
if S_denominator != 0:
agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+len_PC+j][2] = round(S_numerator/S_denominator,3)
# print('The new preference of the policy core PC' + str(j+1) + ' is: ' + str(agent.issuetree[0][len_DC+j][2]))
else:
agent.issuetree[who][len_DC+len_PC+j][2] = 0
class PolicyEmergenceSM(Model):
'''
Simplest Model for the policy emergence model.
'''
def __init__(self, SM_inputs, height=20, width=20):
self.height = height # height of the canvas
self.width = width # width of the canvas
self.SM_inputs = SM_inputs # inputs for the entire model
self.stepCount = 0 # int - [-] - initialisation of step counter
self.agenda_PC = None # initialisation of agenda policy core issue tracker
self.policy_implemented_number = None # initialisation of policy number tracker
self.policy_formulation_run = False # check value for running policy formulation
self.w_el_influence = self.SM_inputs[
9] # float - [-] - electorate influence weight constant
# todo - consider also saving the electorate influence parameter
self.schedule = RandomActivation(self) # mesa random activation method
self.grid = SingleGrid(height, width,
torus=True) # mesa grid creation method
# creation of the datacollector vector
self.datacollector = DataCollector(
# Model-level variables
model_reporters={
"step": "stepCount",
"AS_PF": get_problem_policy_chosen,
"agent_attributes": get_agents_attributes,
"electorate_attributes": get_electorate_attributes
},
# Agent-level variables
agent_reporters={
"x":
lambda a: a.pos[0],
"y":
lambda a: a.pos[1],
"Agent type":
lambda a: type(a),
"Issuetree":
lambda a: getattr(a, 'issuetree', [None])[
a.unique_id if isinstance(a, ActiveAgent) else 0]
})
self.len_S, self.len_PC, self.len_DC, self.len_CR = belief_tree_input(
) # setting up belief tree
self.policy_instruments, self.len_ins, self.PF_indices = policy_instrument_input(
) # setting up policy instruments
init_active_agents(self, self.len_S, self.len_PC, self.len_DC,
self.len_CR, self.len_PC, self.len_ins,
self.SM_inputs) # setting up active agents
init_electorate_agents(self, self.len_S, self.len_PC, self.len_DC,
self.SM_inputs) # setting up passive agents
init_truth_agent(self, self.len_S, self.len_PC, self.len_DC,
self.len_ins) # setting up truth agent
self.running = True
self.numberOfAgents = self.schedule.get_agent_count()
self.datacollector.collect(self)
def step(self, KPIs):
'''
Main steps of the Simplest Model for policy emergence:
0. Module interface - Input
1. Agenda setting step
2. Policy formulation step
3. Data collection
'''
self.KPIs = KPIs # saving the indicators
# 0. initialisation
self.module_interface_input(
self.KPIs) # communicating the beliefs (indicators)
self.electorate_influence(
self.w_el_influence) # electorate influence actions
# 1. agenda setting
self.agenda_setting()
# 2. policy formulation
if self.policy_formulation_run:
policy_implemented = self.policy_formulation()
else:
policy_implemented = self.policy_instruments[-1]
# 3. data collection
self.stepCount += 1 # iterate the steps counter
self.datacollector.collect(self) # collect data
print("Step ends", "\n")
return policy_implemented
def module_interface_input(self, KPIs):
'''
The module interface input step consists of actions related to the module interface and the policy emergence model
'''
len_DC = self.len_DC
len_PC = self.len_PC
len_S = self.len_S
len_ins = self.len_ins
# saving the issue tree of the truth agent
for agent in self.schedule.agent_buffer(shuffled=True):
if isinstance(agent, TruthAgent):
agent.issuetree_truth = KPIs
truth_issuetree = agent.issuetree_truth
truth_policytree = agent.policytree_truth
# Transferring policy impact to active agents
for agent in self.schedule.agent_buffer(shuffled=True):
if isinstance(agent, ActiveAgent): # selecting only active agents
# for PFj in range(len_PC): # communicating the policy family likelihoods
# for PFij in range(len_PC):
# agent.policytree[agent.unique_id][PFj][PFij] = truth_policytree[PFj][PFij]
for insj in range(
len_ins
): # communicating the policy instruments impacts
agent.policytree[agent.unique_id][
len_PC + insj][0:len_S] = truth_policytree[len_PC +
insj]
for issue in range(
len_DC + len_PC + len_S
): # communicating the issue beliefs from the KPIs
agent.issuetree[
agent.unique_id][issue][0] = truth_issuetree[issue]
self.preference_update(
agent, agent.unique_id) # updating the preferences
def agenda_setting(self):
'''
In the agenda setting step, the active agents first select their policy core issue of preference and then select
the agenda.
'''
# active agent policy core selection
for agent in self.schedule.agent_buffer(shuffled=False):
if isinstance(agent, ActiveAgent): # selecting only active agents
agent.selection_PC()
# for each agent, selection of their preferred policy core issue
selected_PC_list = []
number_ActiveAgents = 0
for agent in self.schedule.agent_buffer(shuffled=False):
if isinstance(agent,
ActiveAgent): # considering only policy makers
selected_PC_list.append(agent.selected_PC)
number_ActiveAgents += 1
# finding the most common policy core issue and its frequency
d = defaultdict(int)
for i in selected_PC_list:
d[i] += 1
result = max(d.items(), key=lambda x: x[1])
agenda_PC_temp = result[0]
agenda_PC_temp_frequency = result[1]
# checking for majority
if agenda_PC_temp_frequency > int(number_ActiveAgents / 2):
self.agenda_PC = agenda_PC_temp
self.policy_formulation_run = True # allowing for policy formulation to happen
print("The agenda consists of PC", self.agenda_PC, ".")
else: # if no majority
self.policy_formulation_run = False
print("No agenda was formed, moving to the next step.")
# for purposes of not changing the entire code - the policy family selected is set at 0 so all policy instruments
# are always considered in the rest of the model
self.agenda_PF = 0
def policy_formulation(self):
'''
In the policy formulation step, the policy maker agents first select their policy core issue of preference and then
they select the policy that is to be implemented if there is a majority of them.
'''
# calculation of policy instruments preferences
selected_PI_list = []
number_PMs = 0
for agent in self.schedule.agent_buffer(shuffled=False):
if isinstance(
agent, ActiveAgent
) and agent.agent_type == 'policymaker': # considering only policy makers
agent.selection_S()
agent.selection_PI(
) # individual agent policy instrument selection
selected_PI_list.append(
agent.selected_PI
) # appending the policy instruments selected to a list for all PMs
number_PMs += 1
# finding the most common policy instrument and its frequency
d = defaultdict(int)
for i in selected_PI_list:
d[i] += 1
result = max(d.items(), key=lambda x: x[1])
self.policy_implemented_number = result[0]
policy_implemented_number_frequency = result[1]
# check for the majority and implemented if satisfied
if policy_implemented_number_frequency > int(number_PMs / 2):
print("The policy selected is policy instrument ",
self.policy_implemented_number, ".")
policy_implemented = self.policy_instruments[
self.policy_implemented_number]
else: # if no majority
print("No consensus on a policy instrument.")
policy_implemented = self.policy_instruments[
-1] # selecting status quo policy instrument
return policy_implemented
def preference_update(self, agent, who):
'''
This function is used to call the preference update functions of the issues of the active agents.
'''
self.preference_update_DC(agent,
who) # deep core issue preference update
self.preference_update_PC(agent,
who) # policy core issue preference update
self.preference_update_S(agent, who) #
def preference_update_DC(self, agent, who):
"""
This function is used to update the preferences of the deep core issues of agents in their
respective issue trees.
agent - this is the owner of the issue tree
who - this is the part of the issuetree that is considered - agent.unique_id should be used for this -
this is done to also include partial knowledge preference calculation
"""
len_DC = self.len_DC
# calculation of the denominator
PC_denominator = 0
for h in range(len_DC):
issue_belief = agent.issuetree[who][h][0]
issue_goal = agent.issuetree[who][h][1]
gap = issue_goal - issue_belief
if issue_goal is not None and issue_belief is not None:
PC_denominator += abs(gap)
# selection of the numerator and calculation of the preference
for i in range(len_DC):
issue_belief = agent.issuetree[who][i][0]
issue_goal = agent.issuetree[who][i][1]
gap = issue_goal - issue_belief
if PC_denominator != 0: # make sure the denominator is not 0
agent.issuetree[who][i][2] = abs(gap) / PC_denominator
else:
agent.issuetree[who][i][2] = 0
def preference_update_PC(self, agent, who):
"""
This function is used to update the preferences of the policy core issues of agents in their
respective issue trees.
agent - this is the owner of the belief tree
who - this is the part of the issuetree that is considered - agent.unique_id should be used for this -
this is done to also include partial knowledge preference calculation
"""
len_DC = self.len_DC
len_PC = self.len_PC
len_S = self.len_S
PC_denominator = 0
# calculation of the denominator
for j in range(
len_PC): # selecting the causal relations starting from PC
for k in range(len_DC):
cr = agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + len_PC + len_S + j +
(k * len_PC)][0]
issue_belief = agent.issuetree[who][k][0]
issue_goal = agent.issuetree[who][k][1]
gap = issue_goal - issue_belief
if issue_goal is not None and issue_belief is not None and cr is not None \
and ((cr < 0 and gap < 0) or (cr > 0 and gap > 0)):
# contingency for partial knowledge issues and check if cr and belief-goal are same sign
PC_denominator = PC_denominator + abs(cr * gap)
# addition of the gaps of the associated mid-level issues
for i in range(len_PC):
issue_belief = agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + i][0]
issue_goal = agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + i][1]
gap = issue_goal - issue_belief
if issue_goal is not None and issue_belief is not None: # contingency for partial knowledge issues
PC_denominator += abs(gap)
# calculation the numerator and the preference
for j in range(len_PC): # select one by one the PC
# calculation of the right side of the numerator
PC_numerator = 0
for k in range(
len_DC): # selecting the causal relations starting from DC
issue_belief = agent.issuetree[who][k][0]
issue_goal = agent.issuetree[who][k][1]
cr = agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + len_PC + len_S + j +
(k * len_PC)][0]
gap = issue_goal - issue_belief
if issue_goal is not None and issue_belief is not None and cr is not None \
and ((cr < 0 and gap < 0) or (cr > 0 and gap > 0)):
# contingency for partial knowledge issues and check if cr and belief-goal are same sign
PC_numerator += abs(cr * gap)
# addition of the gap to the numerator
issue_belief = agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + j][0]
issue_goal = agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + j][1]
gap = issue_goal - issue_belief
if issue_goal is not None and issue_belief is not None: # contingency for partial knowledge issues
PC_numerator += abs(gap)
# calculation of the preferences
if PC_denominator != 0:
agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + j][2] = round(
PC_numerator / PC_denominator, 3)
else:
agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + j][2] = 0
def preference_update_S(self, agent, who):
"""
This function is used to update the preferences of secondary issues the agents in their
respective issue trees.
agent - this is the owner of the belief tree
who - this is the part of the issuetree that is considered - agent.unique_id should be used for this -
this is done to also include partial knowledge preference calculation
"""
len_DC = self.len_DC
len_PC = self.len_PC
len_S = self.len_S
S_denominator = 0
# calculation of the denominator
for j in range(len_S):
for k in range(
len_PC): # selecting the causal relations starting from S
issue_belief = agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + k][0]
issue_goal = agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + k][1]
cr = agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + len_PC + len_S +
len_DC * len_PC + j + (k * len_S)][0]
gap = issue_goal - issue_belief
if issue_goal is not None and issue_belief is not None and cr is not None \
and ((cr < 0 and gap < 0) or (cr > 0 and gap > 0)):
# contingency for partial knowledge issues and check if cr and belief-goal are same sign
S_denominator += abs(cr * gap)
# addition of the gaps of the associated secondary issues
for j in range(len_S):
issue_belief = agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + len_PC + j][0]
issue_goal = agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + len_PC + j][1]
gap = issue_goal - issue_belief
if issue_goal is not None and issue_belief is not None: # contingency for partial knowledge issues
S_denominator += abs(gap)
# calculation the numerator and the preference
for j in range(len_S): # select one by one the S
# calculation of the right side of the numerator
S_numerator = 0
for k in range(
len_PC): # selecting the causal relations starting from PC
# Contingency for partial knowledge issues
cr = agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + len_PC + len_S +
len_DC * len_PC + j + (k * len_S)][0]
issue_belief = agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + k][0]
issue_goal = agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + k][1]
gap = issue_goal - issue_belief
if issue_goal is not None and issue_belief is not None and cr is not None \
and ((cr < 0 and gap < 0) or (cr > 0 and gap > 0)):
# contingency for partial knowledge issues and check if cr and gap are same sign
S_numerator += abs(cr * gap)
# addition of the gap to the numerator
issue_belief = agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + len_PC + j][0]
issue_goal = agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + len_PC + j][1]
gap = issue_goal - issue_belief
if issue_goal is not None and issue_belief is not None: # contingency for partial knowledge issues
S_numerator += abs(gap)
# calculation of the preferences
if S_denominator != 0:
agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + len_PC + j][2] = round(
S_numerator / S_denominator, 3)
else:
agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + len_PC + j][2] = 0
def electorate_influence(self, w_el_influence):
'''
This function calls the influence actions in the electorate agent class.
'''
for agent in self.schedule.agent_buffer(shuffled=True):
if isinstance(agent, ElectorateAgent):
agent.electorate_influence(w_el_influence)
class PolicyEmergenceSM(Model):
'''
Simplest Model for the policy emergence model.
'''
def __init__(self,
PE_type,
SM_inputs,
AplusPL_inputs,
AplusCo_inputs,
AplusPK_inputs,
height=20,
width=20,
input_LHS=False):
self.height = height # height of the canvas
self.width = width # width of the canvas
self.SM_inputs = SM_inputs # inputs for the entire model
self.PE_type = PE_type # model type (SM, A+PL, A+Co, A+PK, A+PI)
self.resources_aff = SM_inputs[2] # resources per affiliation agent
self.stepCount = 0 # int - [-] - initialisation of step counter
self.agenda_PC = None # initialisation of agenda policy core issue tracker
self.policy_implemented_number = None # initialisation of policy number tracker
self.policy_formulation_run = False # check value for running policy formulation
self.w_el_influence = self.SM_inputs[
5] # float - [-] - electorate influence weight constant
# batchrunner inputs
self.input_LHS = input_LHS
# ACF+PL parameters
if 'A+PL' in self.PE_type or 'A+Co' in self.PE_type:
self.conflict_level = AplusPL_inputs[0]
self.resources_spend_incr_agents = AplusPL_inputs[1]
# ACF+Co parameters
if 'A+Co' in self.PE_type:
self.PC_interest = AplusCo_inputs[0]
if self.input_LHS:
self.coa_creation_thresh = self.input_LHS[1] # LHS inputs
self.coa_resources_share = self.input_LHS[0] # LHS inputs
else:
self.coa_creation_thresh = AplusCo_inputs[1]
self.coa_resources_share = AplusCo_inputs[3]
self.coa_coherence_thresh = AplusCo_inputs[2]
self.resources_spend_incr_coal = AplusCo_inputs[4]
print('res. share:', round(self.coa_resources_share, 3),
', coa. threshold:', round(self.coa_creation_thresh, 3))
self.coalition_list = []
# +PK parameters
self.PK = False
if '+PK' in self.PE_type:
self.PK = True
self.PK_catchup = AplusPK_inputs[0]
self.schedule = RandomActivation(self) # mesa random activation method
self.grid = SingleGrid(height, width,
torus=True) # mesa grid creation method
# creation of the datacollector vector
if 'A+Co' in self.PE_type:
self.datacollector = DataCollector(
# Model-level variables
model_reporters={
"step": "stepCount",
"AS_PF": get_problem_policy_chosen,
"agent_attributes": get_agents_attributes,
"coalitions_attributes": get_coalitions_attributes,
"electorate_attributes": get_electorate_attributes
},
# Agent-level variables
agent_reporters={
"x":
lambda a: a.pos[0],
"y":
lambda a: a.pos[1],
"Agent type":
lambda a: type(a),
"Issuetree":
lambda a: getattr(a, 'issuetree', [None])[
a.unique_id
if isinstance(a, ActiveAgent) and not isinstance(
a, Coalition) else 0]
})
else:
self.datacollector = DataCollector(
# Model-level variables
model_reporters={
"step": "stepCount",
"AS_PF": get_problem_policy_chosen,
"agent_attributes": get_agents_attributes,
"electorate_attributes": get_electorate_attributes
},
# Agent-level variables
agent_reporters={
"x":
lambda a: a.pos[0],
"y":
lambda a: a.pos[1],
"Agent type":
lambda a: type(a),
"Issuetree":
lambda a: getattr(a, 'issuetree', [None])[
a.unique_id if isinstance(a, ActiveAgent) else 0]
})
self.len_S, self.len_PC, self.len_DC, self.len_CR = belief_tree_input(
) # setting up belief tree
self.policy_instruments, self.len_ins, self.PF_indices = policy_instrument_input(
) # setting up policy instruments
init_active_agents(self, self.len_S, self.len_PC, self.len_DC,
self.len_CR, self.len_PC, self.len_ins,
self.SM_inputs) # setting up active agents
init_electorate_agents(self, self.len_S, self.len_PC, self.len_DC,
self.SM_inputs) # setting up passive agents
init_truth_agent(self, self.len_S, self.len_PC, self.len_DC,
self.len_ins) # setting up truth agent
self.running = True
self.numberOfAgents = self.schedule.get_agent_count()
self.datacollector.collect(self)
def step(self, KPIs):
'''
Main steps of the Simplest Model for policy emergence:
0. Module interface - Input
1. Agenda setting step
2. Policy formulation step
3. Data collection
'''
self.KPIs = KPIs # saving the indicators
# 0. initialisation
self.module_interface_input(
self.KPIs) # communicating the beliefs (indicators)
self.electorate_influence(
self.w_el_influence) # electorate influence actions
if 'A+Co' in self.PE_type:
self.coalition_creation_algorithm()
# 1. agenda setting
self.agenda_setting()
# 2. policy formulation
if self.policy_formulation_run:
policy_implemented = self.policy_formulation()
else:
policy_implemented = self.policy_instruments[-1]
# 3. data collection
self.stepCount += 1 # iterate the steps counter
self.datacollector.collect(self) # collect data
print("Step ends", "\n")
return policy_implemented
def module_interface_input(self, KPIs):
'''
The module interface input step consists of actions related to the module interface and the policy emergence model
'''
len_DC = self.len_DC
len_PC = self.len_PC
len_S = self.len_S
len_ins = self.len_ins
# saving the issue tree of the truth agent
for agent in self.schedule.agent_buffer(shuffled=True):
if isinstance(agent, TruthAgent):
agent.issuetree_truth = KPIs
truth_issuetree = agent.issuetree_truth
truth_policytree = agent.policytree_truth
# Transferring policy impact to active agents
for agent in self.schedule.agent_buffer(shuffled=True):
if isinstance(agent, ActiveAgent) and not isinstance(
agent, Coalition): # selecting only active agents
# for PFj in range(len_PC): # communicating the policy family likelihoods
# for PFij in range(len_PC):
# agent.policytree[agent.unique_id][PFj][PFij] = truth_policytree[PFj][PFij]
for insj in range(
len_ins
): # communicating the policy instruments impacts
agent.policytree[agent.unique_id][
len_PC + insj][0:len_S] = truth_policytree[len_PC +
insj]
for issue in range(
len_DC + len_PC + len_S
): # communicating the issue beliefs from the KPIs
agent.issuetree[
agent.unique_id][issue][0] = truth_issuetree[issue]
self.preference_update(
agent, agent.unique_id) # updating the preferences
def resources_distribution(self):
if 'A+PL' in self.PE_type or 'A+Co' in self.PE_type:
for agent in self.schedule.agent_buffer(shuffled=False):
if isinstance(agent,
ActiveAgent): # selecting only active agents
if agent.affiliation == 0: # affiliation 0
agent.resources = 0.01 * self.number_activeagents * self.resources_aff[
0] / 100
if agent.affiliation == 1: # affiliation 1
agent.resources = 0.01 * self.number_activeagents * self.resources_aff[
1] / 100
agent.resources_action = agent.resources # assigning resources for the actions for both
if 'A+Co' in self.PE_type: # attribution of the resources to coalitions
for coalition in self.schedule.agent_buffer(shuffled=False):
if isinstance(coalition, Coalition):
resources = 0
for agent_mem in coalition.members:
resources += agent_mem.resources * self.coa_resources_share
agent_mem.resources -= self.coa_resources_share * agent_mem.resources
agent.resources_action = agent.resources # assigning resources for the actions for both
coalition.resources = resources
coalition.resources_action = coalition.resources # assigning resources for the actions for both
def agenda_setting(self):
'''
In the agenda setting step, the active agents first select their policy core issue of preference and then select
the agenda.
'''
# resources distribution
self.resources_distribution()
# active agent policy core selection
for agent in self.schedule.agent_buffer(shuffled=False):
if isinstance(agent, ActiveAgent): # selecting only active agents
agent.selection_PC()
if 'A+Co' in self.PE_type:
for coalition in self.schedule.agent_buffer(shuffled=True):
if isinstance(coalition,
Coalition): # selecting only coalitions
coalition.interactions_intra_coalition(
'AS') # intra-coalition interactions
# active agent interactions (including coalitions)
if 'A+PL' in self.PE_type or 'A+Co' in self.PE_type:
for agent in self.schedule.agent_buffer(shuffled=True):
if isinstance(agent,
ActiveAgent): # selecting only active agents
agent.interactions('AS', self.PK)
# active agent policy core selection (after agent interactions)
if 'A+PL' in self.PE_type or 'A+Co' in self.PE_type:
# active agent policy core selection
for agent in self.schedule.agent_buffer(shuffled=False):
if isinstance(agent,
ActiveAgent): # selecting only active agents
agent.selection_PC()
# for each agent, selection of their preferred policy core issue
selected_PC_list = []
number_ActiveAgents = 0
for agent in self.schedule.agent_buffer(shuffled=False):
if isinstance(agent,
ActiveAgent): # considering only policy makers
selected_PC_list.append(agent.selected_PC)
number_ActiveAgents += 1
# finding the most common policy core issue and its frequency
d = defaultdict(int)
for i in selected_PC_list:
d[i] += 1
result = max(d.items(), key=lambda x: x[1])
agenda_PC_temp = result[0]
agenda_PC_temp_frequency = result[1]
# checking for majority
if agenda_PC_temp_frequency > int(number_ActiveAgents / 2):
self.agenda_PC = agenda_PC_temp
self.policy_formulation_run = True # allowing for policy formulation to happen
print("The agenda consists of PC", self.agenda_PC, ".")
else: # if no majority
self.policy_formulation_run = False
print("No agenda was formed, moving to the next step.")
# for purposes of not changing the entire code - the policy family selected is set at 0 so all policy instruments
# are always considered in the rest of the model
self.agenda_PF = 0
def policy_formulation(self):
'''
In the policy formulation step, the policy maker agents first select their policy core issue of preference and then
they select the policy that is to be implemented if there is a majority of them.
'''
# resources distribution
self.resources_distribution()
# calculation of policy instruments preferences
if 'A+PL' in self.PE_type or 'A+Co' in self.PE_type:
for agent in self.schedule.agent_buffer(shuffled=False):
if isinstance(agent, ActiveAgent):
agent.selection_S()
agent.selection_PI(
) # individual agent policy instrument selection
if 'A+Co' in self.PE_type:
for coalition in self.schedule.agent_buffer(shuffled=True):
if isinstance(coalition,
Coalition): # selecting only active agents
# print('selected_PC', agent.selected_PC)
coalition.interactions_intra_coalition('PF')
# coalition.interactions('PF')
# active agent interactions
if 'A+PL' in self.PE_type or 'A+Co' in self.PE_type:
for agent in self.schedule.agent_buffer(shuffled=True):
if isinstance(agent,
ActiveAgent): # selecting only active agents
agent.interactions('PF', self.PK)
# calculation of policy instruments preferences
selected_PI_list = []
number_PMs = 0
for agent in self.schedule.agent_buffer(shuffled=False):
if isinstance(
agent, ActiveAgent
) and agent.agent_type == 'policymaker': # considering only policy makers
agent.selection_S()
agent.selection_PI(
) # individual agent policy instrument selection
selected_PI_list.append(
agent.selected_PI
) # appending the policy instruments selected to a list for all PMs
number_PMs += 1
# finding the most common policy instrument and its frequency
d = defaultdict(int)
print(selected_PI_list)
for i in selected_PI_list:
d[i] += 1
result = max(d.items(), key=lambda x: x[1])
self.policy_implemented_number = result[0]
policy_implemented_number_frequency = result[1]
# check for the majority and implemented if satisfied
if policy_implemented_number_frequency > int(number_PMs / 2):
print("The policy selected is policy instrument ",
self.policy_implemented_number, ".")
policy_implemented = self.policy_instruments[
self.policy_implemented_number]
else: # if no majority
print("No consensus on a policy instrument.")
policy_implemented = self.policy_instruments[
-1] # selecting status quo policy instrument
return policy_implemented
def preference_update(self, agent, who, coalition_check=False):
'''
This function is used to call the preference update functions of the issues of the active agents.
'''
if coalition_check:
who = self.number_activeagents
self.preference_update_DC(agent,
who) # deep core issue preference update
self.preference_update_PC(agent,
who) # policy core issue preference update
self.preference_update_S(agent, who) #
def preference_update_DC(self, agent, who):
"""
This function is used to update the preferences of the deep core issues of agents in their
respective issue trees.
agent - this is the owner of the issue tree
who - this is the part of the issuetree that is considered - agent.unique_id should be used for this -
this is done to also include partial knowledge preference calculation
"""
len_DC = self.len_DC
# calculation of the denominator
PC_denominator = 0
for h in range(len_DC):
issue_belief = agent.issuetree[who][h][0]
issue_goal = agent.issuetree[who][h][1]
gap = issue_goal - issue_belief
if issue_goal is not None and issue_belief is not None:
PC_denominator += abs(gap)
# selection of the numerator and calculation of the preference
for i in range(len_DC):
issue_belief = agent.issuetree[who][i][0]
issue_goal = agent.issuetree[who][i][1]
gap = issue_goal - issue_belief
if PC_denominator != 0: # make sure the denominator is not 0
agent.issuetree[who][i][2] = abs(gap) / PC_denominator
else:
agent.issuetree[who][i][2] = 0
def preference_update_PC(self, agent, who):
"""
This function is used to update the preferences of the policy core issues of agents in their
respective issue trees.
agent - this is the owner of the belief tree
who - this is the part of the issuetree that is considered - agent.unique_id should be used for this -
this is done to also include partial knowledge preference calculation
"""
len_DC = self.len_DC
len_PC = self.len_PC
len_S = self.len_S
PC_denominator = 0
# calculation of the denominator
for j in range(
len_PC): # selecting the causal relations starting from PC
for k in range(len_DC):
cr = agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + len_PC + len_S + j +
(k * len_PC)][0]
issue_belief = agent.issuetree[who][k][0]
issue_goal = agent.issuetree[who][k][1]
gap = issue_goal - issue_belief
if issue_goal is not None and issue_belief is not None and cr is not None \
and ((cr < 0 and gap < 0) or (cr > 0 and gap > 0)):
# contingency for partial knowledge issues and check if cr and belief-goal are same sign
PC_denominator = PC_denominator + abs(cr * gap)
# addition of the gaps of the associated mid-level issues
for i in range(len_PC):
issue_belief = agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + i][0]
issue_goal = agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + i][1]
gap = issue_goal - issue_belief
if issue_goal is not None and issue_belief is not None: # contingency for partial knowledge issues
PC_denominator += abs(gap)
# calculation the numerator and the preference
for j in range(len_PC): # select one by one the PC
# calculation of the right side of the numerator
PC_numerator = 0
for k in range(
len_DC): # selecting the causal relations starting from DC
issue_belief = agent.issuetree[who][k][0]
issue_goal = agent.issuetree[who][k][1]
cr = agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + len_PC + len_S + j +
(k * len_PC)][0]
gap = issue_goal - issue_belief
if issue_goal is not None and issue_belief is not None and cr is not None \
and ((cr < 0 and gap < 0) or (cr > 0 and gap > 0)):
# contingency for partial knowledge issues and check if cr and belief-goal are same sign
PC_numerator += abs(cr * gap)
# addition of the gap to the numerator
issue_belief = agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + j][0]
issue_goal = agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + j][1]
gap = issue_goal - issue_belief
if issue_goal is not None and issue_belief is not None: # contingency for partial knowledge issues
PC_numerator += abs(gap)
# calculation of the preferences
if PC_denominator != 0:
agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + j][2] = round(
PC_numerator / PC_denominator, 3)
else:
agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + j][2] = 0
def preference_update_S(self, agent, who):
"""
This function is used to update the preferences of secondary issues the agents in their
respective issue trees.
agent - this is the owner of the belief tree
who - this is the part of the issuetree that is considered - agent.unique_id should be used for this -
this is done to also include partial knowledge preference calculation
"""
len_DC = self.len_DC
len_PC = self.len_PC
len_S = self.len_S
S_denominator = 0
# calculation of the denominator
for j in range(len_S):
for k in range(
len_PC): # selecting the causal relations starting from S
issue_belief = agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + k][0]
issue_goal = agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + k][1]
cr = agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + len_PC + len_S +
len_DC * len_PC + j + (k * len_S)][0]
gap = issue_goal - issue_belief
if issue_goal is not None and issue_belief is not None and cr is not None \
and ((cr < 0 and gap < 0) or (cr > 0 and gap > 0)):
# contingency for partial knowledge issues and check if cr and belief-goal are same sign
S_denominator += abs(cr * gap)
# addition of the gaps of the associated secondary issues
for j in range(len_S):
issue_belief = agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + len_PC + j][0]
issue_goal = agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + len_PC + j][1]
# print(issue_goal, type(issue_goal), type(issue_belief))
gap = issue_goal - issue_belief
if issue_goal is not None and issue_belief is not None: # contingency for partial knowledge issues
S_denominator += abs(gap)
# calculation the numerator and the preference
for j in range(len_S): # select one by one the S
# calculation of the right side of the numerator
S_numerator = 0
for k in range(
len_PC): # selecting the causal relations starting from PC
# Contingency for partial knowledge issues
cr = agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + len_PC + len_S +
len_DC * len_PC + j + (k * len_S)][0]
issue_belief = agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + k][0]
issue_goal = agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + k][1]
gap = issue_goal - issue_belief
if issue_goal is not None and issue_belief is not None and cr is not None \
and ((cr < 0 and gap < 0) or (cr > 0 and gap > 0)):
# contingency for partial knowledge issues and check if cr and gap are same sign
S_numerator += abs(cr * gap)
# addition of the gap to the numerator
issue_belief = agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + len_PC + j][0]
issue_goal = agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + len_PC + j][1]
gap = issue_goal - issue_belief
if issue_goal is not None and issue_belief is not None: # contingency for partial knowledge issues
S_numerator += abs(gap)
# calculation of the preferences
if S_denominator != 0:
agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + len_PC + j][2] = round(
S_numerator / S_denominator, 3)
else:
agent.issuetree[who][len_DC + len_PC + j][2] = 0
def electorate_influence(self, w_el_influence):
'''
This function calls the influence actions in the electorate agent class.
'''
for agent in self.schedule.agent_buffer(shuffled=True):
if isinstance(agent, ElectorateAgent):
agent.electorate_influence(w_el_influence)
def coalition_creation_algorithm(self):
'''
Function that is used to reset the coalitions at the beginning of each round
A maximum of two coalitions are allowed. The agents have to be within a certain threshold of their goals to be
assembled together.
Note that the preferred states only are considered and not the actual beliefs of the actors - this could be a
problem when considering the partial information case.
:return:
'''
# resetting the coalitions before the creation of new ones
for coalition in self.schedule.agent_buffer(shuffled=False):
if isinstance(coalition, Coalition):
self.schedule.remove(coalition)
# saving the agents in a list with their belief values
list_agents_1 = [] # active agent list
for agent in self.schedule.agent_buffer(shuffled=False):
if isinstance(agent, ActiveAgent):
list_agents_1.append(
(agent,
agent.issuetree[agent.unique_id][self.len_DC +
self.PC_interest][1]))
list_agents_1.sort(
key=lambda x: x[1]) # sorting the list based on the goals
# checking for groups for first coalition
list_coalition_number = []
for i in range(len(list_agents_1)):
count = 0
for j in range(len(list_agents_1)):
if list_agents_1[i][
1] - self.coa_creation_thresh <= list_agents_1[j][
1] <= list_agents_1[i][
1] + self.coa_creation_thresh:
count += 1
list_coalition_number.append(count)
index = list_coalition_number.index(
max(list_coalition_number
)) # finding the grouping with the most member index
list_coalition_members = []
list_agents_2 = copy.copy(list_agents_1)
for i in range(len(list_agents_1)):
if list_agents_1[index][
1] - self.coa_creation_thresh <= list_agents_1[i][
1] <= list_agents_1[index][
1] + self.coa_creation_thresh:
list_coalition_members.append(list_agents_1[i][0])
list_agents_2.remove(list_agents_1[i])
self.coalition_creation(
1001, list_coalition_members
) # creating the coalition with the selected members
if len(list_agents_2) > 2: #check if there are enough agents left:
# checking for groups for second coalition
list_coalition_number = []
for i in range(len(list_agents_2)):
count = 0
for j in range(len(list_agents_2)):
if list_agents_2[i][
1] - self.coa_creation_thresh <= list_agents_2[j][
1] <= list_agents_2[i][
1] + self.coa_creation_thresh:
count += 1
list_coalition_number.append(count)
index = list_coalition_number.index(
max(list_coalition_number
)) # finding the grouping with the most member index
list_coalition_members = []
for i in range(len(list_agents_2)):
if list_agents_2[index][
1] - self.coa_creation_thresh <= list_agents_2[i][
1] <= list_agents_2[index][
1] + self.coa_creation_thresh:
list_coalition_members.append(list_agents_2[i][0])
self.coalition_creation(
1002, list_coalition_members
) # creating the coalition with selected members
def coalition_creation(self, unique_id, members):
'''
Function that is used to create the object Coalition which is a sub-agent of the ActiveAgent class
:param unique_id:
:param members:
:return:
'''
x = 0
y = 0
resources = 0 # resources are reset to 0
len_DC = self.len_DC
len_PC = self.len_PC
len_S = self.len_S
len_CR = self.len_CR
len_PF = self.len_PC
len_ins = self.len_ins
issuetree_coal = [None] # creation of the issue tree
issuetree_coal[0] = issuetree_creation(
len_DC, len_PC, len_S, len_CR) # using the newly made function
for r in range(
self.number_activeagents
): # last spot is where the coalition beliefs are stored
issuetree_coal.append(
issuetree_creation(len_DC, len_PC, len_S, len_CR))
policytree_coal = [None] # creation of the policy tree
policytree_coal[0] = members[0].policytree[members[0].unique_id]
for r in range(self.number_activeagents):
policytree_coal.append(members[0].policytree[members[0].unique_id])
# note that the policy tree is simply copied ... this will not work in the case of partial information where a different
# algorithm will need to be found for this part of the model
# creation of the coalition agent
agent = Coalition((x, y), unique_id, self, 'coalition', resources, 'X',
issuetree_coal, policytree_coal, members)
self.coalition_belief_update(agent, members)
self.preference_update(agent, unique_id,
True) # updating the issue tree preferences
self.grid.position_agent(agent, (x, y))
self.schedule.add(agent)
def coalition_belief_update(self, coalition, members):
'''
Function that is used to update the beliefs of the coalition to an average of the agents members of this said
coalition.
:param coalition:
:param members:
:return:
'''
len_DC = self.len_DC
len_PC = self.len_PC
len_S = self.len_S
len_CR = self.len_CR
for k in range(
len_DC + len_PC +
len_S): # updating the preferred states and actual beliefs
belief = 0
goal = 0
for agent_mem in members:
id = agent_mem.unique_id
belief += agent_mem.issuetree[id][k][0]
goal += agent_mem.issuetree[id][k][1]
coalition.issuetree[
self.number_activeagents][k][0] = belief / len(members)
coalition.issuetree[
self.number_activeagents][k][1] = goal / len(members)
for k in range(len_CR): # updating the causal relations
CR = 0
for agent_mem in members:
id = agent_mem.unique_id
CR += agent_mem.issuetree[id][len_DC + len_PC + len_S + k][0]
coalition.issuetree[self.number_activeagents][
len_DC + len_PC + len_S + k][0] = CR / len(members)
if self.PK: # for the partial knowledge
for agent in self.schedule.agent_buffer(shuffled=False):
if agent not in members and isinstance(
agent,
ActiveAgent) and not isinstance(agent, Coalition):
id = agent.unique_id
for k in range(len_DC + len_PC +
len_S): # updating the preferred states
goal = 0
for agent_mem in members:
goal += agent_mem.issuetree[id][k][1]
coalition.issuetree[id][k][1] = goal / len(members)
for k in range(len_CR): # updating the causal relations
CR = 0
for agent_mem in members:
CR += agent_mem.issuetree[id][len_DC + len_PC +
len_S + k][0]
coalition.issuetree[id][len_DC + len_PC + len_S +
k][0] = CR / len(members)
class WolfSheep(Model):
'''
Wolf-Sheep Predation Model
'''
def __init__(self, height=20, width=20,
initial_sheep=100, initial_wolves=30,
sheep_reproduction_chance=0.05, wolf_death_chance=0.05):
super().__init__()
self.height = height
self.width = width
self.initial_sheep = initial_sheep
self.initial_wolves = initial_wolves
self.sheep_reproduction_chance = sheep_reproduction_chance
self.wolf_death_chance = wolf_death_chance
# Add a schedule for sheep and wolves seperately to prevent
# race-conditions
self.schedule_Sheep = RandomActivation(self)
self.schedule_Wolf = RandomActivation(self)
self.grid = MultiGrid(self.width, self.height, torus=True)
self.datacollector = DataCollector(
{"Sheep": lambda m: self.schedule_Sheep.get_agent_count(),
"Wolves": lambda m: self.schedule_Wolf.get_agent_count(),
"Mean": mean_wolf})
# Create sheep and wolves
self.init_population(Sheep, self.initial_sheep)
self.init_population(Wolf, self.initial_wolves)
# This is required for the datacollector to work
self.running = True
self.datacollector.collect(self)
def init_population(self, agent_type, n):
'''
Method that provides an easy way of making a bunch of agents at once.
'''
for _ in range(n):
x = random.randrange(self.width)
y = random.randrange(self.height)
self.new_agent(agent_type, (x, y))
def new_agent(self, agent_type, pos):
'''
Method that creates a new agent, and adds it to the correct scheduler.
'''
agent = agent_type(self.next_id(), self, pos)
self.grid.place_agent(agent, pos)
getattr(self, f'schedule_{agent_type.__name__}').add(agent)
def remove_agent(self, agent):
'''
Method that removes an agent from the grid and the correct scheduler.
'''
self.grid.remove_agent(agent)
getattr(self, f'schedule_{type(agent).__name__}').remove(agent)
def step(self):
'''
Method that calls the step method for each of the sheep, and then for
each of the wolves.
'''
self.schedule_Sheep.step()
self.schedule_Wolf.step()
# Save the statistics
self.datacollector.collect(self)
def run_model(self, step_count=200):
'''
Method that runs the model for a specific amount of steps.
'''
for _ in range(step_count):
self.step()
class Schelling(Model):
"""
Model class for the Schelling segregation model.
"""
def __init__(self, height=30, width=30, density=0.9, minority_pc=0.5, homophily=3):
"""
"""
# Height and width of the Grid;
# Height and width also defines the maximum number of agents that could be in the environment
self.height = height
self.width = width
# Define the population density; Float between 0 and 1
self.density = density
# Ratio between blue and red.
# Blue is minority, red is majority; Float between 0 and 1; if > 0.5, blue becomes majority
# 1 에 가까워 질수록 파란색이 많아지고,
# 0 에 가까워 질수록 빨간색이 많아진다.
self.minority_pc = minority_pc
# number of similar neighbors required for the agents to be happy
# Takes integer value between 0 and 8 since you can only be surrounded by 8 neighbors
self.homophily = homophily
# Scheduler controls the order in which agents are activated
self.schedule = RandomActivation(self)
self.grid = SingleGrid(width, height, torus=True)
self.happy = 0
# Obtain data after each step
self.datacollector = DataCollector(
{"happy": "happy"}, # Model-level count of happy agents
# For testing purposes, agent's individual x and y
{"x": lambda a: a.pos[0], "y": lambda a: a.pos[1]},
)
# Set up agents
# We use a grid iterator that returns
# the coordinates of a cell as well as
# its contents. (coord_iter)
for cell in self.grid.coord_iter():
x = cell[1]
y = cell[2]
if self.random.random() < self.density:
if self.random.random() < self.minority_pc:
agent_type = 1
else:
agent_type = 0
agent = SchellingAgent((x, y), self, agent_type)
self.grid.position_agent(agent, (x, y))
self.schedule.add(agent)
self.running = True
self.datacollector.collect(self)
# The class requires a step function that represent each run
def step(self):
"""
Run one step of the model. If All agents are happy, halt the model.
"""
self.happy = 0 # Reset counter of happy agents
self.schedule.step()
# collect data
self.datacollector.collect(self)
# 여기서 terminate 하는 것을 manage 한다.
if self.happy == self.schedule.get_agent_count():
self.running = False
class SchellingModel(Model):
'''
Model class for the Schelling segregation model.
'''
def __init__(self, height, width, density, minority_pc, homophily):
'''
'''
# Setting up the Model
self.height = height
self.width = width
self.density = density #percentage (empty houses)
self.minority_pc = minority_pc #percentage minority in the city
self.homophily = homophily #number of similar minded person that you want around you
# Setting up the AGM simulation
self.schedule = RandomActivation(self)
# Setting up the grid, using inputs in the function, the torus function
# seems to be related to how we treat edges, but not sure
self.grid = SingleGrid(height, width, torus=True)
# Setting the number of happy people to zero
self.happy = 0
self.datacollector = DataCollector(
{"happy": lambda m: m.happy}, # Model-level count of happy agents
# For testing purposes, agent's individual x and y
{"x": lambda a: a.pos[0], "y": lambda a: a.pos[1]})
self.running = True
# Set up agents
# We use a grid iterator that returns
# the coordinates of a cell as well as
# its contents. (coord_iter)
for cell in self.grid.coord_iter():
# For each cell coordinate apply if statements
x = cell[1]
y = cell[2]
# First if statement: take a random number between 0 and 1
# (random.random command) and check whether that value is
# below the assigned density.
# Second if statement: take a random number between 0 and 1
# and assign the agent type based on the condition
if random.random() < self.density:
if random.random() < self.minority_pc:
agent_type = 1
else:
agent_type = 0
# Refer to the above function related to Agent attributes
agent = SchellingAgent((x, y), self, agent_type)
self.grid.position_agent(agent, (x, y))
self.schedule.add(agent)
def step(self):
'''
Run one step of the model. If All agents are happy, halt the model.
'''
self.happy = 0 # Reset counter of happy agents
self.schedule.step()
self.datacollector.collect(self)
if self.happy == self.schedule.get_agent_count():
self.running = False
class LoveMatch(Model):
'''
Love-match market Model:
En este modelo, cada individuo recorre de manera aleatoria el lugar, al encontrarse con un match (agente del sexo opuesto con parámetros de belleza y riqueza coincidentes con lo deseado) desaparece del modelo.
El objetivo es observar la distribución de perfiles de belleza y riqueza a lo largo del tiempo hasta ver quienes no logran encontrar pareja.
'''
def __init__(
self,
height=50,
width=50,
density=0.8,
HM_pc=0.2,
entry_rate=1,
max_agents=750
): # Aquí establecemos el tamaño del Grid donde se desarrolla el modelo, además de los parámetros iniciales.
self.height = height
self.width = width
self.density = density
self.HM_pc = HM_pc
self.entry_rate = 5
self.schedule = RandomActivation(self)
self.grid = MultiGrid(height, width, torus=False)
self.max_agents = max_agents
self.parejas = 0
self.hombres = 0
self.mujeres = 0
self.unhappy = 0
self.idcounter = 0
# En esta sección, etiquetamos a cada agente según su tipo
for cell in self.grid.coord_iter():
x = cell[1]
y = cell[2]
if self.random.random() < self.density:
if self.random.random() < self.HM_pc:
gender = 1
self.hombres += 1
else:
gender = 0
self.mujeres += 1
#Creamos a cada agente y asignamos su ID, cad vez que se crea un agente, se agrega uno al contador de ID's
#Nota: La distribución de las características las modelamos con una distribución log-normal. Esto nos permite tener solo valores positivos y este ranking de belleza/riqueza se concentra de 0 a 1
self.idcounter += 1
agent = miAgente((x, y),
self,
gender,
beauty=np.random.lognormal(0.5, 0.30),
wealth=np.random.lognormal(0.5, 0.30),
desired_beauty=np.random.lognormal(0.5, 0.3),
desired_wealth=np.random.lognormal(0.5, 0.3),
time_to_critical=random.randint(10, 30),
sojourn=-1,
is_critical=0,
myid=self.idcounter)
#coloca a los agentes en el modelo
self.schedule.add(agent)
self.grid.place_agent(agent, (x, y))
#Corre el modelo
self.running = True
#Colecciona los datos relevantes para el agente y para el modelo
self.datacollector = DataCollector(model_reporters={
'density': 'density',
'parejas': 'parejas',
'unhappy': 'unhappy',
'hombres': 'hombres',
'mujeres': 'mujeres'
},
agent_reporters={
'myid': 'myid',
'wealth': 'wealth',
'gender': 'gender',
'beauty': 'beauty',
'desired_beauty':
'desired_beauty',
'desired_wealth':
'desired_wealth',
'time_to_critical':
'time_to_critical',
'is_critical': 'is_critical',
'sojourn': 'sojourn'
})
self.datacollector.collect(self)
def update(self):
if self.schedule.get_agent_count() < self.max_agents:
for i in range(self.entry_rate):
x = self.random.randrange(self.grid.width)
y = self.random.randrange(self.grid.height)
if self.random.random() < self.HM_pc:
gender = 1
self.hombres += 1
else:
gender = 0
self.mujeres += 1
agent = miAgente(i,
self,
gender,
beauty=random.g(4, 2),
wealth=random.gauss(4, 3),
desired_beauty=random.gauss(4, 3),
desired_wealth=random.gauss(3, 2),
time_to_critical=random.gauss(20, 5),
sojourn=-1,
is_critical=0)
self.schedule.add(agent)
self.grid.place_agent(agent, (x, y))
def step(
self
): # Este step permite que el modelo siga corriendo hasta que todos los agentes tengan pareja
self.schedule.step()
# Por fines gráficos, recolectamos la información sobre la cantidad de parejas
self.datacollector.collect(self)
### Guarda la información relevante dentro de tablas en csv's.
self.datacollector.get_agent_vars_dataframe().to_csv("test_me_a.csv")
self.datacollector.get_model_vars_dataframe().to_csv("test_me_m.csv")
### Finalmente, el modelo se detiene si el número de agentes es cero
if self.schedule.get_agent_count() == 0:
self.running = False
class EvacuationModel(Model):
def __init__(self, N=20, height=21, width=21, push_ratio=0.5):
super().__init__()
self.height = height
self.width = width
self.num_agents = N
self.exit_x = round(self.width / 2)
self.exit_y = self.height - 1
self.push_probs = np.array([[0., 0.], [1., 0.5]])
self.grid = MultiGrid(self.width, self.height, torus=False)
self.schedule = RandomActivation(self)
self.exit_times = []
# decide for ID whether it is a pusher
is_pusher = np.zeros(N, dtype=int)
idx = self.random.sample([i for i in range(N)], int(push_ratio * N))
is_pusher[idx] = 1
# Add N pedestrians
taken_pos = []
for i in range(self.num_agents):
# Add the agent to a random grid cell
while True:
x = self.random.randrange(1, self.grid.width - 1)
y = self.random.randrange(1, self.grid.height - 1)
pos = (x, y)
if not pos in taken_pos:
break
a = Pedestrian(i, self, pos, self.exit_x, self.exit_y,
is_pusher[i])
self.schedule.add(a)
self.grid.place_agent(a, pos)
taken_pos.append(pos)
# Place vertical walls
for i in range(self.height):
# Left
x = 0
y = i
w = Wall(self, (x, y))
self.grid.place_agent(w, (x, y))
# Right
x = self.width - 1
y = i
w = Wall(self, (x, y))
self.grid.place_agent(w, (x, y))
# Place horizontal walls
for i in range(self.width):
# Up
x = i
y = 0
w = Wall(self, (x, y))
self.grid.place_agent(w, (x, y))
# Down
x = i
y = self.height - 1
# One exit
if x == self.exit_x and y == self.exit_y:
e = Exit(self, (x, y))
self.grid.place_agent(e, (x, y))
else:
w = Wall(self, (x, y))
self.grid.place_agent(w, (x, y))
self.data_collector = DataCollector({
"Evacuees":
lambda m: self.count_evacuees(),
"Evacuated":
lambda m: self.count_evacuated()
})
# this is required for the data_collector to work
self.running = True
self.data_collector.collect(self)
def count_evacuees(self):
count = self.schedule.get_agent_count()
return count
def count_evacuated(self):
count = self.num_agents - self.schedule.get_agent_count()
return count
def plot(self):
# Average exit time
sum = 0
for time in self.exit_times:
sum += time
avg = sum / len(self.exit_times)
# Exit times bins
L = self.exit_times[-1] - 0
bin_size = 5
min_edge = 0
max_edge = math.ceil(L / bin_size) * bin_size
N = int((max_edge - min_edge) / bin_size)
Nplus1 = N + 1
bin_list = np.linspace(min_edge, max_edge, Nplus1)
print()
print(self.exit_times)
print(L)
print(max_edge)
print()
# Exit times histogram
plt.hist(self.exit_times, bin_list, edgecolor="k")
plt.title("Average = " + str(avg))
plt.xlabel("Exit time")
plt.ylabel("Frequence")
plt.show()
return
def step(self):
# Stop run if all Pedestrians have exited
if self.schedule.get_agent_count() == 0:
self.plot()
self.running = False
self.schedule.step()
self.data_collector.collect(self)
class PartyModel(Model):
def __init__(self,
height=20,
width=20,
number_introvert=30,
number_ambivert=40,
number_extrovert=30):
'''
'''
self.height = height
self.width = width
self.number_attendees = 1.0 * \
(number_introvert + number_ambivert + number_extrovert)
self.number_introvert = number_introvert
self.number_ambivert = number_ambivert
self.number_extrovert = number_extrovert
self.percent_introvert = number_introvert / self.number_attendees
self.percent_ambivert = number_ambivert / self.number_attendees
self.percent_extrovert = number_extrovert / self.number_attendees
self.introvert_cutoff = self.percent_introvert
self.ambivert_cutoff = self.percent_introvert + self.percent_ambivert
self.schedule = RandomActivation(self)
self.grid = SingleGrid(width, height, torus=True)
self.happy = 0
self.happy_introverts = 0
self.happy_ambiverts = 0
self.happy_extroverts = 0
self.datacollector = DataCollector(
{"happy": "happy"}, # Model-level count of happy agents
# For testing purposes, agent's individual x and y
{
"x": lambda a: a.pos[0],
"y": lambda a: a.pos[1]
})
count = 0
# Set up agents
# We use a grid iterator that returns
# the coordinates of a cell as well as
# its contents. (coord_iter)
for cell in self.grid.coord_iter():
x = cell[1]
y = cell[2]
if count < self.number_attendees:
extroversion = self.random.random()
if extroversion < self.introvert_cutoff:
agent_type = "introvert"
else:
if extroversion < self.ambivert_cutoff:
agent_type = "ambivert"
else:
agent_type = "extrovert"
agent = PartyAgent((x, y), self, agent_type)
self.grid.position_agent(agent, (x, y))
self.schedule.add(agent)
count = count + 1
self.running = True
self.datacollector.collect(self)
'''
Run one step of the model. If all agents are happy, halt the model.
'''
def step(self):
# Reset counters of happy agents
self.happy = 0
self.schedule.step()
# collect data
self.datacollector.collect(self)
if self.happy > self.schedule.get_agent_count() * 0.95:
self.running = False
class Schelling(Model):
"""
Model class for the Schelling segregation model.
"""
# ANSWER --- cooperativeness = 10 in the init definition
def __init__(self,
height=30,
width=30,
density=0.9,
homophily=3,
cooperativeness=0.0):
"""
"""
# Height and width of the Grid;
# Height and width also defines the maximum number of agents that could be in the environment
self.height = height
self.width = width
# Define the population density; Float between 0 and 1
self.density = density
# number of similar neighbors required for the agents to be happy
# Takes integer value between 0 and 8 since you can only be surrounded by 8 neighbors
# homophily == wanted similarity
self.homophily = homophily
# ANSWER
# 얼마만큼의 agent 를 cooperativeness 한 agent 로 정의 할 것인가
self.cooperativeness = cooperativeness
# ANSWER
# Scheduler controls the order in which agents are activated
self.schedule = RandomActivation(self)
self.grid = SingleGrid(width, height, torus=True)
self.happy = 0
self.segregation = 0
# Obtain data after each step
self.datacollector = DataCollector(
{
"happy": "happy",
"segregation": "segregation"
}, # Model-level count of happy agents
# For testing purposes, agent's individual x and y
{
"x": lambda a: a.pos[0],
"y": lambda a: a.pos[1]
},
)
# Set up agents
# We use a grid iterator that returns
# the coordinates of a cell as well as
# its contents. (coord_iter)
for cell in self.grid.coord_iter():
x = cell[1]
y = cell[2]
if self.random.random() < self.density:
if self.random.random() < 0.33:
agent_type = 2
elif self.random.random() > 0.66:
agent_type = 1
else:
agent_type = 0
# ANSWER
is_cooperative = False
if self.random.random() < cooperativeness:
is_cooperative = True
happiness_extent = 0
# ANSWER
# ANSWER --- Updated initialization to use new init definition
agent = SchellingAgent((x, y), self, agent_type,
is_cooperative, happiness_extent)
self.grid.position_agent(agent, (x, y))
self.schedule.add(agent)
self.running = True
self.datacollector.collect(self)
# The class requires a step function that represent each run
def step(self):
"""
Run one step of the model. If All agents are happy, halt the model.
"""
self.happy = 0 # Reset counter of happy agents
self.segregation = 0 # Reset counter of segregated agents
self.schedule.step()
# collect data
self.datacollector.collect(self)
# 여기서 terminate 하는거 manage
if self.happy == self.schedule.get_agent_count():
self.running = False
class SchellingModel(Model):
'''Model class for Schelling segregation model'''
def __init__(self, height=20, width=20, density=.8, group_ratio=.66, minority_ratio=.5, homophily=3):
self.height = height
self.width = width
self.density = density
self.group_ratio = group_ratio
self.minority_ratio = minority_ratio
self.homophily = homophily
self.happy = 0
self.segregated = 0
self.schedule = RandomActivation(self)
self.grid = SingleGrid(height, width, torus=False)
self.place_agents()
self.datacollector = DataCollector( {'happy': (lambda m: m.happy), 'segregated': (lambda m: m.segregated)})
self.running = True
def step(self):
'''Run one step of model'''
self.schedule.step()
self.calculate_stats()
self.datacollector.collect(self)
if self.happy == self.schedule.get_agent_count():
self.running = False
def place_agents(self):
for cell in self.grid.coord_iter():
x, y = cell[1:3]
if random.random() < self.density:
if random.random() < self.group_ratio:
if random.random() < self.minority_ratio:
group = 0
else:
group = 1
else:
group = 2
agent = SchellingAgent((x,y), group)
self.grid.position_agent(agent, (x,y))
self.schedule.add(agent)
for agent in self.schedule.agents:
count = 0
for neighbour in self.grid.iter_neighbors(agent.pos, moore=False):
if neighbour.group == agent.group:
count += 1
agent.similar = count
def calculate_stats(self):
happy_count = 0
avg_seg = 0
for agent in self.schedule.agents:
avg_seg += agent.similar
if agent.similar >= self.homophily:
happy_count += 1
self.happy = happy_count
self.segregated = avg_seg/self.schedule.get_agent_count()
