def watershed_demo(image):
blurred = cv.pyrMeanShiftFiltering(image, 10, 100)
gray = cv.cvtColor(blurred, cv.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
ret, binary = cv.threshold(gray, 0, 255, cv.THRESH_BINARY | cv.THRESH_OTSU)
cv.imshow("binary", binary)
kernel = cv.getStructuringElement(cv.MORPH_RECT, (3, 3))
mb = cv.morphologyEx(binary, cv.MORPH_OPEN, kernel, iterations=2)
sure_bg = cv.dilate(binary, kernel, iterations=3)
cv.imshow("mor", sure_bg)
dist = cv.distanceTransform(mb, cv.DIST_L2, 3)
dist_output = cv.normalize(dist, 0, 1.0, cv.NORM_MINMAX)
cv.imshow("dist", dist_output * 50)
ret, surface = cv.threshold(dist, dist.max() * 0.6, 255, cv.THRESH_BINARY)
cv.imshow("interface", surface)
surface_fg = np.uint8(surface)
unknow = cv.subtract(sure_bg, surface_fg)
ret, markers = cv.connectedComponents(surface_fg)
print(ret)
markers += 1
markers[unknow == 255] = 0
markers = cv.watershed(image, markers=markers)
image[markers == -1] = [0, 0, 255]
cv.imshow("result", image)
def s2(img): #segmentacionWarershed
img = img
gray = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
ret, thresh = cv2.threshold(gray, 0, 255,
cv2.THRESH_BINARY_INV + cv2.THRESH_OTSU)
# Eliminación del ruido
kernel = np.ones((3, 3), np.uint8)
opening = cv2.morphologyEx(thresh, cv2.MORPH_OPEN, kernel, iterations=2)
# Encuentra el área del fondo
sure_bg = cv2.dilate(opening, kernel, iterations=3)
# Encuentra el área del primer
dist_transform = cv2.distanceTransform(opening, cv2.DIST_L2, 5)
ret, sure_fg = cv2.threshold(dist_transform, 0.7 * dist_transform.max(),
255, 0)
# Encuentra la región desconocida (bordes)
sure_fg = np.uint8(sure_fg)
unknown = cv2.subtract(sure_bg, sure_fg)
# Etiquetado
ret, markers = cv2.connectedComponents(sure_fg)
# Adiciona 1 a todas las etiquetas para asegurra que el fondo sea 1 en lugar de cero
markers = markers + 1
# Ahora se marca la región desconocida con ceros
markers[unknown == 255] = 0
markers = cv2.watershed(img, markers)
img[markers == -1] = [255, 0, 0]
return img
def _evaluate_pose(dist, frame, msp, mtx, rotation_vec, translation_vec):
image_edges = _extract_edges_image(_convert_grayscale(frame))
model_plot = np.zeros_like(image_edges)
utils.plot_dxf_model(
msp,
model_plot,
dist,
mtx,
rotation_vec,
translation_vec,
colour=(255, ),
thickness=1,
)
distance_transform = cv2.distanceTransform(src=~image_edges,
distanceType=cv2.DIST_L2,
maskSize=3)
distance_transform = _normalise_img(distance_transform)
model_plot = _normalise_img(model_plot)
# The distance transform says 'how far is this pixel from an edge', and we want small
# distances for the model plot pixels, so we need (1 - distance_transform)
# We multiply the matrices element-wise, so we only add the distance_loss for the
# model edge pixels. And we divide by the number of edge pixels, to get a mean.
edge_to_plot_distance_loss = (model_plot *
distance_transform).sum() / model_plot.sum()
return edge_to_plot_distance_loss, distance_transform, model_plot, image_edges
def update_image(gray: np.ndarray, dist: np.ndarray, coords: Tuple[int, int],
radius: int) -> None:
"""
Delete a circle from gray and updates the dist array accordingly. gray and dist will be modified inplace.
:param gray: ndarray containing the binary image
:param dist: ndarray containing the result of the distance transformation on gray
:param coords: coordinates of the center of the circle that will be removed from gray
:param radius: radius of that circle
:return: None
"""
x, y = (int(z) for z in coords)
r = int(radius)
x_low = max(0, x - 4 * r)
x_high = min(dist.shape[0], x + 4 * r)
y_low = max(0, y - 4 * r)
y_high = min(dist.shape[1], y + 4 * r)
slice_segment = (slice(x_low, x_high), slice(y_low, y_high))
cv2.circle(gray, (y, x), r, 0, -1)
sub_gray = gray[slice_segment].copy()
sub_dist_old = dist[slice_segment]
sub_dist_new = cv2.distanceTransform(sub_gray, cv2.DIST_L2,
cv2.DIST_MASK_PRECISE)
dist[slice_segment] = np.minimum(sub_dist_new, sub_dist_old)
def distance_transform_weight(x):
if x.max() == 0:
return np.ones(x.shape) * 2
else:
smooth = 0.0000001
x = 1 - x
xD = x * 255
xD = xD.astype(np.uint8)
dt = cv2.distanceTransform(xD, cv2.DIST_L2, 3)
dt = (dt / 255)
dt = dt**2
dt = (dt + smooth / dt.max() + smooth)
dt[x.astype(np.int)] = 0
return dt
def watershed(self, _img=None):
# # 灰度和二值转换
_img = self.img if _img is None else _img
_gray = cv2.cvtColor(_img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
_, _binary = cv2.threshold(_gray, 0, 255, cv2.THRESH_BINARY_INV | cv2.THRESH_OTSU)
# # 形态学操作
# # # 形态学操作卷积核
_kernel = np.ones((3, 3), np.uint8)
# # # 开运算去噪(去掉椒盐噪声的影响)
_opening = cv2.morphologyEx(_binary, cv2.MORPH_OPEN, _kernel, iterations=2)
# # # 如果能画出背景和前景, 分割算法会很好
# # # 考虑到数据量的原因, 使用程序 机械的找出
# # # 找出一定是背景的部分 膨胀操作: 扩大图形区的面积
_sure_bg = cv2.dilate(_opening, _kernel, iterations=3)
# cv_show(_sure_bg)
# # 距离变换函数: 对原始图像进行计算 之后二值处理, 获取前景
# # 该函数的第一个参数只能是单通道的二值的图像, 第二个参数是距离方法
# # 计算图像上255点与最近的0点之间的距离 DIST_L2应是欧氏距离, 会输出小数
# # DIST_L1应是哈密顿距离, 不会有小数
_dist_transform = cv2.distanceTransform(_opening, cv2.DIST_L1, 5)
# cv_show(_dist_transform)
# # 距离变换之后做一二值变换, 得到大概率是图像前景的点
_, _sure_fg = cv2.threshold(_dist_transform, 0.5 * _dist_transform.max(), 255, cv2.THRESH_BINARY)
# # 转换类型, 否则会很危险
_sure_fg = np.uint8(_sure_fg)
# cv_show(_sure_fg)
# # 绘制unknown区 交给算法, 自下而上的洪泛算法
_unknown = cv2.subtract(_sure_bg, _sure_fg)
# cv_show(_unknown)
_, _markers = cv2.connectedComponents(_sure_fg)
_markers = _markers + 1
_markers[_unknown == 255] = 0
_img1 = _img.copy()
_markers = cv2.watershed(_img1, _markers)
# # 圈出来 之后可以根据结果将一部分的值变为黑色
def random_color(a: int):
return np.random.randint(0, 255, (a, 3))
_markers_label = np.unique(_markers)
_colors = random_color(_markers_label.size)
for _mark, _color in zip(_markers_label, _colors):
_img1[_markers == _mark] = _color
# # 展示
cv_show(_img1)
def watershedAlgorithm(image):
img = cv.imread(image)
gray = cv.cvtColor(img, cv.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
ret, thresh = cv.threshold(gray, 0, 255, cv.THRESH_BINARY_INV + cv.THRESH_OTSU)
# noise removal
kernel = np.ones((5, 5), np.uint8)
opening = cv.morphologyEx(thresh, cv.MORPH_OPEN, kernel, iterations=2)
# sure background area
sure_bg = cv.dilate(opening, kernel, iterations=3)
# Finding sure foreground area
dist_transform = cv.distanceTransform(opening, cv.DIST_L2, 5)
ret, sure_fg = cv.threshold(dist_transform, 0.7 * dist_transform.max(), 255, 0)
# Finding unknown region
sure_fg = np.uint8(sure_fg)
unknown = cv.subtract(sure_bg, sure_fg)
# Marker labelling
ret, markers = cv.connectedComponents(sure_fg)
# Add one to all labels so that sure background is not 0, but 1
markers = markers + 1
# Now, mark the region of unknown with zero
markers[unknown == 255] = 0
markers = cv.watershed(img, markers)
img[markers == -1] = [255, 0, 0]
return img
def watershed(img, img_gray):
# mean = np.average(img_gray)
# _, thresh1 = cv2.threshold(img_gray,mean,255,cv2.THRESH_BINARY_INV)
# _, thresh2 = cv2.threshold(img_gray,200,255,cv2.THRESH_BINARY)
# thresh = np.bitwise_or(thresh1, thresh2)
_, thresh = cv2.threshold(img_gray,np.average(img_gray)-40,255,cv2.THRESH_BINARY_INV)
kernel = np.ones((3,3),np.uint8)
opening = cv2.morphologyEx(thresh,cv2.MORPH_OPEN,kernel,iterations=2)
sure_bg = cv2.dilate(opening,kernel,iterations=2)
dist_transform = cv2.distanceTransform(sure_bg,cv2.DIST_L2,5)
_, sure_fg = cv2.threshold(dist_transform,0.5*dist_transform.max(),255,0)
sure_fg = np.uint8(sure_fg)
unknown = cv2.subtract(sure_fg, sure_bg)
ret, markers = cv2.connectedComponents(unknown)
markers = markers + 1
markers[unknown == 255] = 0
markers = cv2.watershed(img,markers)
return dist_transform
# print('image suavizada', calc_min(histograma))
cv2.waitKey(0)
if __name__ == '__main__':
img = coin_c
gray = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
ret, thresh = cv2.threshold(gray, 0, 255, cv2.THRESH_BINARY_INV+cv2.THRESH_OTSU)
cv2.imshow('Image1', thresh)
kernel = np.ones((3, 3), np.uint8)
opening = cv2.morphologyEx(thresh, cv2.MORPH_OPEN, kernel, iterations=2)
sure_bg = cv2.dilate(opening, kernel, iterations=3)
cv2.imshow('Image2 - sure_bg', sure_bg)
# cv2.imshow('Image2 - opening', opening)
dist_transform = cv2.distanceTransform(opening, cv2.DIST_L2, 5)
ret, sure_fg = cv2.threshold(dist_transform, 0.7*dist_transform.max(), 255, 0)
cv2.imshow('Image3 - sure_fg', sure_fg)
cv2.imshow('Image3 - dist_transform', dist_transform)
sure_fg = np.uint8(sure_fg)
unknown = cv2.subtract(sure_bg, sure_fg)
cv2.imshow('Image4', unknown)
ret, markers = cv2.connectedComponents(sure_fg)
# markers = markers+1
markers[unknown == 255] = 0
markers[markers >= 1] = 255
cv2.imshow('Image5', markers)
ret, thresh1 = cv2.threshold(gray, mean, 255, cv2.THRESH_BINARY_INV)
ret, thresh2 = cv2.threshold(gray, 200, 255, cv2.THRESH_BINARY)
# thresh = cv2.adaptiveThreshold(gray,255,cv2.ADAPTIVE_THRESH_MEAN_C,cv2.THRESH_BINARY,15,4)
thresh = np.bitwise_or(thresh1, thresh2)
#Morphology의 opening, closing을 통해서 노이즈나 Hole제거
kernel = np.ones((3, 3), np.uint8)
opening = cv2.morphologyEx(thresh, cv2.MORPH_OPEN, kernel, iterations=2)
# dilate를 통해서 확실한 Backgroud
sure_bg = cv2.dilate(opening, kernel, iterations=2)
#distance transform을 적용하면 중심으로 부터 Skeleton Image를 얻을 수 있음.
# 즉, 중심으로 부터 점점 옅어져 가는 영상.
# 그 결과에 thresh를 이용하여 확실한 FG를 파악
dist_transform = cv2.distanceTransform(sure_bg, cv2.DIST_L2, 5)
ret, sure_fg = cv2.threshold(dist_transform, 0.5 * dist_transform.max(), 255,
0)
sure_fg = np.uint8(sure_fg)
# Background에서 Foregrand를 제외한 영역을 Unknow영역으로 파악
unknown = cv2.subtract(sure_bg, sure_fg)
# unknown = sure_bg
# FG에 Labelling작업
ret, markers = cv2.connectedComponents(sure_fg)
markers = markers + 1
markers[unknown == 255] = 0
# watershed를 적용하고 경계 영역에 색지정
markers = cv2.watershed(img, markers)
def convert(files: List[pathlib.Path], min_radius: float, wiggle_radius: float,
seeded_radius_factor: float) -> List[nx.Graph]:
"""
Converts black&white pictures to graphs which nodes cover the foreground (white). The nodes are created in a way
that there radii are decreasing until no node with a radius greater or equal to the min_radius is found.
:param files: Paths to the images, will be converted in that order
:param min_radius: minimum radius for nodes, lower values increase accuracy and runtime
:param wiggle_radius: radius in which tracked nodes may move to maximize area
:param seeded_radius_factor: allow the min radius of tracked nodes to be smaller by this factor
:return: a list with graphs in the same order as the input
"""
graphs = []
seeds = set()
for i, image_path in enumerate(files):
logging.debug('processing graph {} ({:>4}/{:>4})'.format(
image_path, i + 1, len(files)))
graph = nx.Graph()
graph.name = '{}_{:05}'.format(image_path.stem, i)
graph.graph['graph_id'] = i
graph.graph['converted_by'] = 'convert_bw.py'
graph.graph['converted_date'] = datetime.now()
graph.graph[
'nodes_indexed_by'] = 2 # id of the first found node. 0 and 1 are reserved for background and (yet unlabeled foreground)
graph.graph['min_radius'] = min_radius
graph.graph['wiggle_radius'] = wiggle_radius
graphs.append(graph)
gray = cv2.imread(str(image_path), cv2.IMREAD_GRAYSCALE)
gray = np.pad(
gray, 1, mode='constant'
) # pad one pixel on each side with default constant being zero
skeleton = gray.copy()
thresh = sif.threshold_mean(skeleton)
skeleton = sim.skeletonize(skeleton > thresh).astype(
np.int16) # to allow for more nodes, change to larger type
# meaning of values in skeleton
# 0 -> background
# 1 -> skeleton without attached node
# >1 -> skeleton pixel attached to node with corresponding id
# <0 -> visited skeleton pixel attached to node with corresponding id (just negated)
node_ids = itertools.count(2)
dist = cv2.distanceTransform(gray, cv2.DIST_L2, cv2.DIST_MASK_PRECISE)
fixed_seeds = frozenset(seeds)
seeds.clear()
for sx, sy, seed_id in sorted(fixed_seeds,
key=lambda e: dist[e[0], e[1]],
reverse=True):
if wiggle_radius > 0.1:
mask = circular_mask(sx, sy, wiggle_radius, gray.shape)
masked_dist = np.ma.array(dist[mask.slice],
mask=np.invert(mask.mask))
max_coordinates = np.unravel_index(
masked_dist.argmax(fill_value=0.0), masked_dist.shape)
(ax, ay) = mask.mind_offset(max_coordinates)
else:
(ax, ay) = (sx, sy)
radius = dist[ax, ay]
if radius < min_radius * seeded_radius_factor:
continue
mask = circular_mask(ax, ay, radius - 1, gray.shape)
if skeleton[mask.slice][mask.mask].any():
node_id = next(node_ids)
graph.add_node(node_id,
x=int(ay) - 1,
y=int(ax) - 1,
r=float(radius),
convert_seed=seed_id)
node_area = np.ma.masked_array(skeleton[mask.slice],
mask=np.invert(mask.mask))
node_area[node_area == 1] = node_id
seeds.add((ax, ay, node_id))
update_image(gray, dist, (ax, ay), dist[ax, ay])
while True:
argmax = np.unravel_index(dist.argmax(), dist.shape)
if dist[argmax] < min_radius:
break
ndx = np.asscalar(argmax[0])
ndy = np.asscalar(argmax[1])
ndr = dist[
argmax] - 1 # reducing the radius prevents pixels associated to multiple nodes
mask = circular_mask(ndx, ndy, ndr, gray.shape)
if skeleton[mask.slice][mask.mask].any():
node_id = next(node_ids)
graph.add_node(node_id,
x=int(ndy) - 1,
y=int(ndx) - 1,
r=int(dist[argmax]),
convert_seed=0)
node_area = np.ma.masked_array(skeleton[mask.slice],
mask=np.invert(mask.mask))
node_area[node_area == 1] = node_id
seeds.add((ndx, ndy, node_id))
update_image(gray, dist, argmax, dist[argmax])
logging.debug('{} node(s) found'.format(graph.number_of_nodes()))
max_id = graph.number_of_nodes() + 2
assert np.all(
skeleton <= max_id
), 'maximal value in skeleton is {}, while max_id={}'.format(
skeleton.max(), max_id)
for node_id in graph.nodes(data=False):
neighbors = explore_neighbors(node_id, skeleton)
assert all(
id > 1
for id in neighbors), 'Found neighbor with id <= 1 {}'.format(
neighbors)
graph.add_edges_from(
(node_id, int(neighbor)) for neighbor in neighbors)
return graphs