class NPuzzle(Problem):
"""
NPuzzle - Problem representation for an N-tile puzzle
Provides implementations for Problem actions specific to N tile puzzles.
"""
def __init__(self, n, force_state=None, **kwargs):
""""__init__(n, force_state, **kwargs)
NPuzzle constructor. Creates an initial TileBoard of size n.
If force_state is not None, the puzzle is initialized to the
specified state instead of being generated randomly.
The parent's class constructor is then called with the TileBoard
instance any any remaining arguments captured in **kwargs.
"""
# Note on **kwargs:
# **kwargs is Python construct that captures any remaining arguments
# into a dictionary. The dictionary can be accessed like any other
# dictionary, e.g. kwargs["keyname"], or passed to another function
# as if each entry was a keyword argument:
# e.g. foobar(arg1, arg2, …, argn, **kwargs).
self.size = n
self.tileBoard = TileBoard(self.size, False, force_state)
super().__init__(self.tileBoard,
**kwargs) #call parent class with tileboard?
return
def getInitialBoardState(self):
return self.tileBoard.state_tuple()
def generateDebugBoard(self, state):
return TileBoard(self.size, False, state)
def actions(self, state):
"actions(state) - find a set of actions applicable to specified state"
actionBoard = TileBoard(self.size, False, state)
actions = actionBoard.get_actions()
return actions
def result(self, state, action):
"result(state, action)- apply action to state and return new state"
actionBoard = TileBoard(self.size, False, state)
newboard = actionBoard.move(action)
return newboard.state_tuple()
def goal_test(self, state):
"goal_test(state) - Is state a goal?"
testBoard = TileBoard(self.size, False, state)
if (testBoard.solved()):
return True
else:
return False
def driver():
start_overall_time = tic()
sec_per_min = 60.0
number_of_tileboard_instances = 2
puzzle_size = 8
methods = [BreadthFirst, DepthFirst, Manhattan]
list_of_paths = list()
list_of_number_of_nodes_explored = list()
list_of_times = list()
for n in range(number_of_tileboard_instances):
board = TileBoard(puzzle_size)
state_tuple = board.state_tuple(
) # do this becuase we din't want to modify the original board
for method in methods:
puzzle = NPuzzle(puzzle_size,
forced_state=state_tuple,
g=method.g,
h=method.h)
(list_of_paths[n], list_of_number_of_nodes_explored[n],
list_of_times[n]) = solve(puzzle)
def driver():
manTime = []
manLength = []
manNodes = []
depTime = []
depLength = []
depNodes = []
breadTime = []
breadLength = []
breadNodes = []
for i in range(0,31):
tb = TileBoard(8)
#starting with manhattan
manprobs = NPuzzle(8,tb.state_tuple(),g=Manhattan.g,h=Manhattan.h)
curTime = tic() #current time
manList = graph_search(manprobs) #CONSIDER OTHER PARAMETERS LATER
manTime.append(tock(curTime))
manLength.append(len(manList[0]))
manNodes.append(manList[1])
#depth_first search
depprobs = NPuzzle(8,tb.state_tuple(),g=DepthFirst.g,h=DepthFirst.h)
curTime = tic() #current time
depList = graph_search(depprobs) #CONSIDER OTHER PARAMETERS LATER
depTime.append(tock(curTime))
depLength.append(len(depList[0]))
depNodes.append(depList[1])
#breadth_first search
breadprobs = NPuzzle(8,tb.state_tuple(),g=BreadthFirst.g,h=BreadthFirst.h)
curTime = tic() #current time
breadList = graph_search(breadprobs) #CONSIDER OTHER PARAMETERS LATER
breadTime.append(tock(curTime))
breadLength.append(len(breadList[0]))
breadNodes.append(breadList[1])
#calculate mean and stdevs for each list generated at beginning
#manhattan statistics
meanmantime = mean(manTime)
stdmantime = stdev(manTime,meanmantime)
meanmanlength = mean(manLength)
stdmanlength = stdev(manLength,meanmanlength)
meanmannodes = mean(manNodes)
stdmannodes = stdev(manNodes,meanmannodes)
#depth-first statistics
meandeptime = mean(depTime)
stddeptime = stdev(depTime)
meandeplength = mean(depLength)
stddeplength = stdev(depLength)
meandepnodes = mean(depNodes)
stddepnodes = stdev(depNodes)
#breadth-first statistics
meanbreadtime = mean(breadTime)
stdbreadtime = stdev(breadTime)
meanbreadlength = mean(breadLength)
stdbreadlength = stdev(breadLength)
meanbreadnodes = mean(breadNodes)
stdbreadnodes = stdev(breadNodes)
print("Manhattan Statistics - Mean Time: ", meanmantime, "StDev Time: ", stdmantime)
print("Manhattan Statistics - Mean Length: ", meanmanlength, "StDev Length: ", stdmanlength)
print("Manhattan Statistics - Mean Nodes: ", meanmannodes, "StDev Nodes: ", stdmannodes)
print("Depth-First Statistics - Mean Time: ", meandeptime, "StDev Time: ", stddeptime)
print("Depth-First Statistics - Mean Length: ", meandeplength, "StDev Length: ", stddeplength)
print("Depth-First Statistics - Mean Nodes: ", meandepnodes, "StDev Nodes: ", stddepnodes)
print("Breadth-First Statistics - Mean Time: ", meanbreadtime, "StDev Time: ", stdbreadtime)
print("Breadth-First Statistics - Mean Length: ", meanbreadlength, "StDev Length: ", stdbreadlength)
print("Breadth-First Statistics - Mean Nodes: ", meanbreadnodes, "StDev Nodes: ", stdbreadnodes)
def driver() :
bfsLengthList = []
bfsNodesExpandedList = []
bfsTimeList = []
dfsLengthList = []
dfsNodesExpandedList = []
dfsTimeList = []
manLengthList = []
manNodesExpandedList = []
manTimeList = []
for i in range(2): #change back to 31
tempBoard = TileBoard(8) #force_state=(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,None)
#Breadth First Search
bfs = NPuzzle(8,g=BreadthFirst.g,force_state=tempBoard.state_tuple())
tempTimer = Timer()
path,numNodes = graph_search(bfs, verbose=True)
bfsTimeList.append(tempTimer.elapsed_s())
bfsNodesExpandedList.append(numNodes)
bfsLengthList.append(len(path))
#Depth First Search
dfs = NPuzzle(8,g=DepthFirst.g,force_state=tempBoard.state_tuple())
tempTimer = Timer()
path,numNodes = graph_search(dfs, verbose=True)
dfsTimeList.append(tempTimer.elapsed_s())
dfsNodesExpandedList.append(numNodes)
dfsLengthList.append(len(path))
#Manhattan Search
manhattan = NPuzzle(8, h=Manhattan.h, force_state=tempBoard.state_tuple())
tempTimer = Timer()
path, numNodes = graph_search(manhattan, verbose=True)
manTimeList.append(tempTimer.elapsed_s())
manNodesExpandedList.append(numNodes)
manLengthList.append(len(path))
print("BFS Average Path Length:",mean(bfsLengthList))
print("BFS Average Nodes Expanded:",mean(bfsNodesExpandedList))
print("BFS Average Time Elapsed:",mean(bfsTimeList))
print("DFS Average Path Length:", mean(dfsLengthList))
print("DFS Average Nodes Expanded:",mean(dfsNodesExpandedList))
print("DFS Average Time Elapsed:",mean(dfsTimeList))
print("Manhattan Average Path Length:", mean(manLengthList))
print("Manhattan Average Nodes Expanded:", mean(manNodesExpandedList))
print("Manhattan Average Time Elapsed:", mean(manTimeList))
print("BFS Standard Deviation Path Length:", stdev(bfsLengthList))
print("BFS Standard Deviation Nodes Expanded:", stdev(bfsNodesExpandedList))
print("BFS Standard Deviation Time Elapsed:", stdev(bfsTimeList))
print("DFS Standard Deviation Path Length:", stdev(dfsLengthList))
print("DFS Standard Deviation Nodes Expanded:", stdev(dfsNodesExpandedList))
print("DFS Standard Deviation Time Elapsed:", stdev(dfsTimeList))
print("Manhattan Standard Deviation Path Length:", stdev(manLengthList))
print("Manhattan Standard Deviation Nodes Expanded:", stdev(manNodesExpandedList))
print("Manhattan Standard Deviation Time Elapsed:", stdev(manTimeList))
class NPuzzle(Problem):
"""
NPuzzle - Problem representation for an N-tile puzzle
Provides implementations for Problem actions specific to N tile puzzles.
"""
def __init__(self, n, force_state=None, **kwargs):
""""__init__(n, force_state, **kwargs)
NPuzzle constructor. Creates an initial TileBoard of size n.
If force_state is not None, the puzzle is initialized to the
specified state instead of being generated randomly.
The parent's class constructor is then called with the TileBoard
instance and any remaining arguments captured in **kwargs.
"""
# Instantiate Tileboard
self.puzzle = TileBoard(n, force_state=force_state)
# Initialize parent class
super().__init__(self.puzzle.state_tuple(), self.puzzle.goals,
kwargs["g"], kwargs["h"])
# Note on **kwargs:
# **kwargs is Python construct that captures any remaining arguments
# into a dictionary. The dictionary can be accessed like any other
# dictionary, e.g. kwargs["keyname"], or passed to another function
# as if each entry was a keyword argument:
# e.g. foobar(arg1, arg2, …, argn, **kwargs).
def actions(self, state):
"""actions(state) - find a set of actions applicable to specified state"""
# Convert state tuple to 2D list
boarddims = [self.puzzle.get_rows(), self.puzzle.get_cols()]
state_list = [
state[i:i + boarddims[0]]
for i in range(0, len(state), boarddims[0])
]
# Find empty tile coordinates
found = False
for y in range(len(state_list)):
for x in range(len(state_list[y])):
if state_list[y][x] is None:
empty = [y, x]
found = True
break
if found:
break
actions = [] # Initialize empty list for actions
for dim in [0, 1]: # rows, then columns
# Append offsets to the actions list,
# e.g. move left --> (0, -1)
# move down --> (1, 0)
# Note that when we append to the list of actions,
# we use list( ) to make a copy of the list, otherwise
# we just get a pointer to it and modification of offset
# will change copies in the list.
offset = [0, 0]
# Add if we don't go off the top or left
if empty[dim] - 1 >= 0:
offset[dim] = -1
actions.append(list(offset))
# Append if we don't go off the bottom or right
if empty[dim] + 1 < boarddims[dim]:
offset[dim] = 1
actions.append(list(offset))
return actions
def result(self, state, action):
"""result(state, action)- apply action to state and return new state"""
# Convert tuple into 2D list
n = self.puzzle.get_rows()
state_list = [list(state[i:i + n]) for i in range(0, len(state), n)]
# Find empty tile coordinates
r = c = 0
found = False
for y in range(len(state_list)):
for x in range(len(state_list[y])):
if state_list[y][x] is None:
r, c = y, x
found = True
break
if found:
break
[delta_r, delta_c] = action
# Validate actions
rprime = r + delta_r
cprime = c + delta_c
if rprime < 0 or cprime < 0 or \
rprime >= n or cprime >= n:
raise ValueError("Illegal move (%d,%d) from (%d,%d)" %
(delta_r, delta_c, r, c))
# Apply move offset accordingly
if delta_r != 0:
# Move up or down
state_list[r][c] = state_list[rprime][c]
state_list[rprime][c] = None
elif delta_c != 0:
# Move left or right
state_list[r][c] = state_list[r][cprime]
state_list[r][cprime] = None
# Create new state after moving empty
new_state = [item for sublist in state_list for item in sublist]
# Convert to tuple (hashable) and return
return tuple(new_state)
def goal_test(self, state):
"""goal_test(state) - Is state a goal?"""
# If state is in puzzle goals, return True
goal = state in self.puzzle.goals
return goal
def value(self, state):
pass