class AlienInvasion:
"""Overall class to manage game assets and behavior."""
def __init__(self):
"""Initialize the game, and create game resources."""
pygame.init()
self.settings = Settings()
self.screen = pygame.display.set_mode(
(self.settings.screen_width, self.settings.screen_height))
pygame.display.set_caption("Alien Invasion")
# Create an instance to store game statistics.
self.stats = GameStats(self)
self.ship = Ship(self)
self.bullets = pygame.sprite.Group()
self.aliens = pygame.sprite.Group()
self._create_fleet()
# Make the Play button.
self.play_button = Button(self, "Play")
# Make difficulty level buttons.
self._make_difficulty_buttons()
def _make_difficulty_buttons(self):
"""Make buttons that allow player to select difficulty level."""
self.easy_button = Button(self, "Easy")
self.medium_button = Button(self, "Medium")
self.difficult_button = Button(self, "Difficult")
# Position buttons so they don't all overlap.
self.easy_button.rect.top = (self.play_button.rect.top +
1.5 * self.play_button.rect.height)
self.easy_button._update_msg_position()
self.medium_button.rect.top = (self.easy_button.rect.top +
1.5 * self.easy_button.rect.height)
self.medium_button._update_msg_position()
self.difficult_button.rect.top = (self.medium_button.rect.top +
1.5 * self.medium_button.rect.height)
self.difficult_button._update_msg_position()
def run_game(self):
"""Start the main loop for the game."""
while True:
self._check_events()
if self.stats.game_active:
self.ship.update()
self._update_bullets()
self._update_aliens()
self._update_screen()
def _check_events(self):
"""Respond to keypresses and mouse events."""
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
sys.exit()
elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
self._check_keydown_events(event)
elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
self._check_keyup_events(event)
elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
mouse_pos = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
self._check_play_button(mouse_pos)
self._check_difficulty_buttons(mouse_pos)
def _check_play_button(self, mouse_pos):
"""Start a new game when the player clicks Play."""
button_clicked = self.play_button.rect.collidepoint(mouse_pos)
if button_clicked and not self.stats.game_active:
self._start_game()
def _check_difficulty_buttons(self, mouse_pos):
"""Set the appropriate difficulty level."""
easy_button_clicked = self.easy_button.rect.collidepoint(mouse_pos)
medium_button_clicked = self.medium_button.rect.collidepoint(mouse_pos)
diff_button_clicked = self.difficult_button.rect.collidepoint(
mouse_pos)
if easy_button_clicked:
self.settings.difficulty_level = 'easy'
elif medium_button_clicked:
self.settings.difficulty_level = 'medium'
elif diff_button_clicked:
self.settings.difficulty_level = 'difficult'
def _start_game(self):
"""Start a new game."""
# Reset the game settings.
self.settings.initialize_dynamic_settings()
# Reset the game statistics.
self.stats.reset_stats()
self.stats.game_active = True
# Get rid of any remaining aliens and bullets.
self.aliens.empty()
self.bullets.empty()
# Create a new fleet and center the ship.
self._create_fleet()
self.ship.center_ship()
# Hide the mouse cursor.
pygame.mouse.set_visible(False)
def _check_keydown_events(self, event):
"""Respond to keypresses."""
if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
self.ship.moving_right = True
elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
self.ship.moving_left = True
elif event.key == pygame.K_q:
sys.exit()
elif event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:
self._fire_bullet()
elif event.key == pygame.K_p and not self.stats.game_active:
self._start_game()
def _check_keyup_events(self, event):
"""Respond to key releases."""
if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
self.ship.moving_right = False
elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
self.ship.moving_left = False
def _fire_bullet(self):
"""Create a new bullet and add it to the bullets group."""
if len(self.bullets) < self.settings.bullets_allowed:
new_bullet = Bullet(self)
self.bullets.add(new_bullet)
def _update_bullets(self):
"""Update position of bullets and get rid of old bullets."""
# Update bullet positions.
self.bullets.update()
# Get rid of bullets that have disappeared.
for bullet in self.bullets.copy():
if bullet.rect.bottom <= 0:
self.bullets.remove(bullet)
self._check_bullet_alien_collisions()
def _check_bullet_alien_collisions(self):
"""Respond to bullet-alien collisions."""
# Remove any bullets and aliens that have collided.
collisions = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(self.bullets, self.aliens,
True, True)
if not self.aliens:
# Destroy existing bullets and create new fleet.
self.bullets.empty()
self._create_fleet()
self.settings.increase_speed()
def _update_aliens(self):
"""
Check if the fleet is at an edge,
then update the positions of all aliens in the fleet.
"""
self._check_fleet_edges()
self.aliens.update()
# Look for alien-ship collisions.
if pygame.sprite.spritecollideany(self.ship, self.aliens):
self._ship_hit()
# Look for aliens hitting the bottom of the screen.
self._check_aliens_bottom()
def _check_aliens_bottom(self):
"""Check if any aliens have reached the bottom of the screen."""
screen_rect = self.screen.get_rect()
for alien in self.aliens.sprites():
if alien.rect.bottom >= screen_rect.bottom:
# Treat this the same as if the ship got hit.
self._ship_hit()
break
def _ship_hit(self):
"""Respond to the ship being hit by an alien."""
if self.stats.ships_left > 0:
# Decrement ships_left.
self.stats.ships_left -= 1
# Get rid of any remaining aliens and bullets.
self.aliens.empty()
self.bullets.empty()
# Create a new fleet and center the ship.
self._create_fleet()
self.ship.center_ship()
# Pause.
sleep(0.5)
else:
self.stats.game_active = False
pygame.mouse.set_visible(True)
def _create_fleet(self):
"""Create the fleet of aliens."""
# Create an alien and find the number of aliens in a row.
# Spacing between each alien is equal to one alien width.
alien = Alien(self)
alien_width, alien_height = alien.rect.size
available_space_x = self.settings.screen_width - (2 * alien_width)
number_aliens_x = available_space_x // (2 * alien_width)
# Determine the number of rows of aliens that fit on the screen.
ship_height = self.ship.rect.height
available_space_y = (self.settings.screen_height - (3 * alien_height) -
ship_height)
number_rows = available_space_y // (2 * alien_height)
# Create the full fleet of aliens.
for row_number in range(number_rows):
for alien_number in range(number_aliens_x):
self._create_alien(alien_number, row_number)
def _create_alien(self, alien_number, row_number):
"""Create an alien and place it in the row."""
alien = Alien(self)
alien_width, alien_height = alien.rect.size
alien.x = alien_width + 2 * alien_width * alien_number
alien.rect.x = alien.x
alien.rect.y = alien.rect.height + 2 * alien.rect.height * row_number
self.aliens.add(alien)
def _check_fleet_edges(self):
"""Respond appropriately if any aliens have reached an edge."""
for alien in self.aliens.sprites():
if alien.check_edges():
self._change_fleet_direction()
break
def _change_fleet_direction(self):
"""Drop the entire fleet and change the fleet's direction."""
for alien in self.aliens.sprites():
alien.rect.y += self.settings.fleet_drop_speed
self.settings.fleet_direction *= -1
def _update_screen(self):
"""Update images on the screen, and flip to the new screen."""
self.screen.fill(self.settings.bg_color)
self.ship.blitme()
for bullet in self.bullets.sprites():
bullet.draw_bullet()
self.aliens.draw(self.screen)
# Draw the play button if the game is inactive.
if not self.stats.game_active:
self.play_button.draw_button()
self.easy_button.draw_button()
self.medium_button.draw_button()
self.difficult_button.draw_button()
pygame.display.flip()
class AlienInvasion:
"""overall class for game and behavior"""
def __init__(self):
"""initialize game and create game"""
pygame.init()
self.settings = Settings()
#screen full
self.screen = pygame.display.set_mode(
(self.settings.screen_width, self.settings.screen_height))
pygame.display.set_caption("ALIEN INVASION")
#create instance to store game stats
self.stats = GameStats(self)
#create scoreboard
self.sb = Scoreboard(self)
#ship
self.ship = Ship(self)
#bullet
self.bullets = pygame.sprite.Group()
#alien
self.aliens = pygame.sprite.Group()
#aliens
self._create_fleet()
#make play button
self.play_button = Button(self, "Play")
#Make difficulty_level button
self._make_difficulty_buttons()
#end game
def _make_difficulty_buttons(self):
"""Make buttons that allow player to select difficulty level."""
self.easy_button = Button(self, "Easy")
self.medium_button = Button(self, "Medium")
self.hard_button = Button(self, "Hard")
# Position buttons so they don't all overlap.
self.easy_button.rect.top = (self.play_button.rect.top +
1.5 * self.play_button.rect.height)
self.easy_button._update_msg_position()
self.medium_button.rect.top = (self.easy_button.rect.top +
1.5 * self.easy_button.rect.height)
self.medium_button._update_msg_position()
self.hard_button.rect.top = (self.medium_button.rect.top +
1.5 * self.medium_button.rect.height)
self.hard_button._update_msg_position()
def run_game(self):
#Set fps for the game
FPS = 80
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
"""Start the main loop for the game"""
while True:
clock.tick(FPS)
self.screen.fill((0, 0, 0))
#chekc for inputs activities
self._check_events()
if self.stats.game_active:
#update ship
self.ship.update()
#update bullets
self._update_bullets()
#upadte aliens
self._update_aliens()
#monitor screen
self._update_screen()
def _check_events(self):
#watch for keyboard and mouse event
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
self._close_game()
elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
mouse_pos = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
self._check_play_button(mouse_pos)
self._check_difficulty_buttons(mouse_pos)
#key up and left + right
elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
self._check_keydown_events(event)
#key down and left + right
elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
self._check_keyup_events(event)
def _check_play_button(self, mouse_pos):
"""Start a new game when player click play"""
button_clicked = self.play_button.rect.collidepoint(mouse_pos)
if button_clicked and not self.stats.game_active:
self._start_game()
def _check_difficulty_buttons(self, mouse_pos):
"""Set the appropriate difficulty level."""
easy_button_clicked = self.easy_button.rect.collidepoint(mouse_pos)
medium_button_clicked = self.medium_button.rect.collidepoint(mouse_pos)
hard_button_clicked = self.hard_button.rect.collidepoint(mouse_pos)
if easy_button_clicked:
self.settings.difficulty_level = 'easy'
elif medium_button_clicked:
self.settings.difficulty_level = 'medium'
elif hard_button_clicked:
self.settings.difficulty_level = 'hard'
def _start_game(self):
#Reset the game statistics
self.settings.initialize_dynamic_settings()
self.stats.reset_stats()
self.stats.game_active = True
self.sb.prep_score()
self.sb.prep_level()
self.sb.prep_ships()
#get rid of remain aliens + bullets
self.aliens.empty()
self.bullets.empty()
#create a new fleet and center the ship
self._create_fleet()
self.ship.center_ship()
#Hide the mosue cursor
pygame.mouse.set_visible(False)
#check down key
def _check_keydown_events(self, event):
#respont to keypresses
if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
#move ship to right
self.ship.moving_right = True
elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
#move ship to left
self.ship.moving_left = True
#exit key with q
elif event.key == pygame.K_q:
self._close_game()
#fire bullet
elif event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:
self._fire_bullet()
elif event.key == pygame.K_p and not self.stats.game_active:
self._start_game()
def _check_keyup_events(self, event):
#respont to key realeases
if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
self.ship.moving_right = False
elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
self.ship.moving_left = False
def _check_fleet_edges(self):
"""Respond appropriately if any aliens have reached an edge."""
for alien in self.aliens.sprites():
if alien.check_edges():
self._change_fleet_direction()
break
def _check_aliens_bottom(self):
"""Check if any aliens have reached a bottom"""
screen_rect = self.screen.get_rect()
for alien in self.aliens.sprites():
if alien.rect.bottom >= screen_rect.bottom:
#treat this same as ship got hit
self._ship_hit()
break
def _change_fleet_direction(self):
"""Drop the entire fleet and change the fleet's direction."""
for alien in self.aliens.sprites():
alien.rect.y += self.settings.fleet_drop_speed
self.settings.fleet_direction *= -1
#control bullet
def _fire_bullet(self):
"""Create new bullet and add it to bullets group"""
#limit bullets to 5
if len(self.bullets) < self.settings.bullets_allowed:
new_bullet = Bullet(self)
self.bullets.add(new_bullet)
se.bullet_sound.play()
def _update_bullets(self):
"""Update pos of bullets and get rid of old"""
#update bullet
self.bullets.update()
#delete bullet
for bullet in self.bullets.copy():
if bullet.rect.bottom <= 0:
self.bullets.remove(bullet)
self._check_bullet_alien_collisions()
def _check_bullet_alien_collisions(self):
#check any bullets hit alien_speedif so, get rid of bullet and alien
collisions = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(self.bullets, self.aliens,
True, True)
if collisions:
for aliens in collisions.values():
self.stats.score += self.settings.alien_points * len(aliens)
self.sb.prep_score()
self.sb.check_high_score()
se.alien_sound.play()
if not self.aliens:
#destory existing bullets and create new fleet
self.bullets.empty()
self._create_fleet()
self.settings.increse_speed()
#increse level
self.stats.level += 1
self.sb.prep_level()
def _update_aliens(self):
"""Check if fleet is at egde
If so -> update pos of all aliens
"""
self._check_fleet_edges()
""""Update pos of all aliens in fleet"""
self.aliens.update()
#look for alien-ship collisions
if pygame.sprite.spritecollideany(self.ship, self.aliens):
self._ship_hit()
#look for aliens hitting the bot of screen
self._check_aliens_bottom()
#alien making
def _create_fleet(self):
"""Create the fleet of aliens."""
# Create an alien and find the number of aliens in a row.
# Spacing between each alien is equal to one alien width.
alien = Alien(self)
alien_width, alien_height = alien.rect.size
available_space_x = self.settings.screen_width - (2 * alien_width)
number_aliens_x = available_space_x // (2 * alien_width)
# Determine the number of rows of aliens that fit on the screen.
ship_height = self.ship.rect.height
available_space_y = (self.settings.screen_height - (3 * alien_height) -
ship_height)
number_rows = available_space_y // (2 * alien_height)
# Create the full fleet of aliens.
for row_number in range(number_rows):
for alien_number in range(number_aliens_x):
self._create_alien(alien_number, row_number)
def _create_alien(self, alien_number, row_number):
"""Create alien and place in row"""
#create + place
alien = Alien(self)
alien_width, alien_height = alien.rect.size
alien.x = alien_width + 2 * alien_width * alien_number
alien.rect.x = alien.x
alien.rect.y = alien.rect.height + 2 * alien_height * row_number
self.aliens.add(alien)
def _ship_hit(self):
"""Respond to ship being hit by alien"""
if self.stats.ships_left > 0:
se.ship_sound.play()
#decrement ship_left
self.stats.ships_left -= 1
self.sb.prep_ships()
#get rid of remain aliens and bullets
self.aliens.empty()
self.bullets.empty()
#create new fleet and center ship
self._create_fleet()
self.ship.center_ship()
#pause
sleep(0.5)
else:
self.stats.game_active = False
pygame.mouse.set_visible(True)
def _update_screen(self):
"""update image on screen and flip to new screen"""
#fill color
#self.screen.fill(self.settings.bg_color)
self.screen.blit(self.settings.bg, (0, 0))
#check for ship
self.ship.blitme()
#update bullets
for bullet in self.bullets.sprites():
bullet.draw_bullet()
#make aliens
self.aliens.draw(self.screen)
#draw scoreboard
self.sb.show_score()
#draw play button if game is inactive
if not self.stats.game_active:
self.play_button.draw_button()
self.easy_button.draw_button()
self.medium_button.draw_button()
self.hard_button.draw_button()
#make most recently draw screen possible
pygame.display.flip()
def _close_game(self):
"""Save high score and exit"""
saved_high_score = self.stats.get_saved_high_score()
if self.stats.high_score > saved_high_score:
with open('high_score.json', 'w') as f:
json.dump(self.stats.high_score, f)
sys.exit()
