#!/usr/bin/python
import os, shutil, parse, safe, apachehost
from random import Random
parse.parser.usage = '%prog HOST'
bitrix_file = 'templates/bitrix8setup.php'
parse.shovel({'name': 'installer', 'help': 'Path to bitrix installer script', 'short': 'd', 'default': os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__)), bitrix_file)})
if __name__ == '__main__':
if len(parse.arguments) < 1:
safe.quit('Please, provide host name\n' + parse.parser.format_help(), 1)
# find apache host and get it's document root
try:
host = apachehost.find(apachehost.config_dir(), parse.arguments[0]).next() # we need only the first [0] host, since it has precedence in apache
except StopIteration:
safe.quit('Can\'t find host named {0}'.format(parse.arguments[0]), 1)
newname = '{0}.php'.format(Random().randint(10**6, 10**7-1))
docroot = os.path.join(os.path.normpath(apachehost.get(host, 'DocumentRoot')['DocumentRoot']), newname)
# copy bitrix8setup.php to a randomly named php file
safe.catch(shutil.copy, (parse.options['installer'], docroot), 'Can\'t copy bitrix installer to {1}.')
# run default web browser
os.system('x-www-browser http://{0}/{1}'.format(parse.arguments[0], newname))
safe.quit('Success! Do installation instructions in your browser.')
#!/usr/bin/python
import os, shutil, parse, safe, apachehost
from random import Random
tpl_suffix = '.nano.php'
default_title = 'Page title'
if __name__ == '__main__':
parse.parser.usage = '%prog TEMPLATE [DEST]'
parse.shovel({'name': 'force', 'help': 'Overwrite DEST if exists.', 'short': 'f', 'default': False}, {'name': 'title', 'help': 'Set page title', 'short': 't', 'default': default_title})
if len(parse.arguments) < 2:
safe.quit('Please, provide host name, template name and destination filename.\n' + parse.parser.format_help(), 1)
# check if template exists
src = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__)), 'templates', parse.arguments[1] + tpl_suffix)
if not os.path.isfile(src):
safe.quit('There is no template {0} in templates folder ({1})'.format(parse.arguments[1], src), 1)
# compose destination path
dest = os.getcwd()
if len(parse.arguments) > 1:
dest = os.path.join(dest, parse.arguments[2])
if os.path.isdir(dest):
dest = os.path.join(dest, parse.arguments[1].replace(tpl_suffix, '.php'))
if dest[-4:] != '.php':
dest += '.php'
def create(opts, arguments):
"""Creates a name-based virtual host (config file), enables it and adds to /etc/hosts."""
if os.getenv('USERNAME') != 'root':
safe.quit('I can\'t do anything this way. Sudo me, please!')
opts['server'] = arguments[0] # these vars are needed to pass to format()
opts['servername'] = arguments[0] + '.' + os.uname()[1] # ...into config.template
where = config_dir()
if where is None:
safe.quit('Apache config directory not found in /etc/')
# check if there's no other same named host
try:
find(where, opts['servername']).next() # need to check if there is ANY file with the same servername
safe.quit('A host with ServerName \'{0}\' already exists.'.format(opts['servername']))
except StopIteration: # the only way not to consume the generator (find) is to get .next() and catch the exception
pass
# need to check if docroot does not exists or is empty
opts['docroot'] = opts['docroot'].format(opts['server']) # by default docroot is named as /var/www/host/public_html
if os.path.lexists(opts['docroot']):
if not os.path.isdir(opts['docroot']):
safe.quit('docroot was a file or a link (\'{0}\')'.format(opts['docroot']), 1)
if safe.catch(os.listdir, opts['docroot'], 'Document root (\'{0}\') exists but is not accessible.') != []: # try to list the directory. may fail if no access rights
safe.quit('docroot parameter was a non-empty directory (\'{0}\')'.format(opts['docroot']), 1)
else:
safe.catch(os.makedirs, opts['docroot'], 'Can\'t create document root directory \'{0}\'')
safe.catch(os.chown, (opts['docroot'], int(os.getenv('SUDO_UID')), int(os.getenv('SUDO_GID'))), 'Can\'t change document root ownership \'{0}\'')
# create apache vhost file
new_conf = os.path.join(where, 'sites-available', opts['server'])
try:
with nested(safe.fopen(opts['host_template']), safe.fopen(new_conf, 'w')) as (conf_src, conf_dest):
for l in conf_src:
conf_dest.write(l.format(**opts))
except KeyError:
msg = '\nOops, your template \'{0}\' has placeholders for parameters\nthat were not supplied in the command line:\n - {1}\n'.format(opts['host_template'], '\n - '.join(sys.exc_info()[1].args))
safe.catch(os.rmdir, opts['docroot'], msg + 'Couldn\'t remove document root (\'{0}\')')
safe.quit(msg, 1)
print 'Host config saved in {0}. '.format(new_conf),
# link it
couldnt_add_host = 'Couldn\'t add host to enabled hosts (make symlink in \'{0}\')'
safe.catch(os.chdir, where + '/sites-enabled', couldnt_add_host)
safe.catch(os.symlink, [new_conf, opts['server']], couldnt_add_host)
print 'Enabled. ',
# add to /etc/hosts
with safe.fopen('/etc/hosts', 'a') as hosts:
safe.catch(hosts.write, '\n127.0.0.1\t{0}'.format(opts['servername']), 'Can\'t add host to \'/etc/hosts\'.')
print 'Added to /etc/hosts. ',
# restart apache
safe.catch(os.system, '/etc/init.d/{0} restart'.format(serv), 'Couldn\'t restart ' + serv + '({0})')
print 'Apache restarted successfully. Host {0} is now available at http://{1}.'.format(opts['server'], opts['servername'])
(главная программа)
...
with safe.open(hosts_file, 'r') as f:
try:
print ''.join(f)
except IOError:
safe.quit('Файл {0} открылся, но при чтении произошёл сбой.', hosts_file)
...
(Примечание: в своих программах и своём модуле safe я использую декораторы, проверяющие тип данных.)
Что дальше?
Во-первых, трассировка исключения содержит очень много полезной информации, намного больше, чем та, что печатается Питоном. Полезно будет сделать метод, сохраняющий эти данные куда-либо в файл, чтобы пользователь мог отправить его разработчику.
Резюме
Теперь на множество типичных случаев у нас есть 4 способа обрабатывать исключения:
вынести действия в новый метод и декорировать его методом wrap
#!/usr/bin/python
import os, parse, safe, apachehost
parse.parser.usage = '%prog SERVERNAME [options]'
parse.shovel({'name': 'docroot', 'help': 'Server\'s document root. Default: /var/www/SERVERNAME/public_html', 'short': 'd', 'default': '/var/www/{0}/public_html/'},\
{'name': 'admin', 'help': 'Admin\'s contact email', 'default': 'webmaster@localhost', 'short': 'a'},\
{'name': 'override_docroot', 'help': 'AllowOverride for DocumentRoot', 'default': 'All'},\
{'name': 'override_cgi', 'help': 'AllowOverride for cgi-bin', 'default': 'All'},\
{'name': 'host_template', 'help': 'Template for host configuration (./config.template by default)', 'default': os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__)), 'templates', 'config.template')})
if __name__ == '__main__':
if len(parse.arguments) < 1: # 1 argument (server name) is required
safe.quit(parse.parser.format_help())
apachehost.create(parse.options, parse.arguments)